Thursday, September 3, 2020

Oliver Stone, Get Your Facts S essays

Oliver Stone, Get Your Facts S papers Oliver Stone, Get Your Facts Straight! Some have said that Oliver Stones The Doors was a sensible and precise depiction of Jim Morrisons life and The Doors melodic capers. Sadly, executive Oliver Stone has a propensity for placing his own convictions and thoughts into the mouths of his characters. This would not really be terrible if his characters were anecdotal. Jim Morrison and his individual musicians are genuine, and the individuals who realized him best are as yet living. The principal significant error that Stone made occurred when Jim and Ray Manzarek (Kyle Maclachlan) were going to UCLA film school. A diversion of Jims short understudy film is appeared. In Stones adaptation there is a considerable amount of what is by all accounts Nazi purposeful publicity. Scenes of Hitler and his soldiers yelling and holding up Nazi banners are appeared with Kilmer perusing Jims verse out of sight. The WWII film in Jims unique film was terribly distorted. It was an entertaining, light scene with a huge German young lady moving on a T.V. to American exciting music out of sight. Stones form described Jim as a devotee of Adolf Hitler. Notwithstanding all the counter Semitism Stone set in the film, he additionally had Kilmer misquoting Friedrich Nietzsche. The scene at Andy Warhols party was Stones next slip-up. Stone figures out how to make different individuals from The Doors into the miscreants. Jim remains solitary. It is an enthusiastic scene that has Jim requesting that different Doors remain at the gathering since he doesnt ...comprehend what could happen this evening, perhaps passing. All the individuals from the band were companions, companions that dont desert each other when they are out of luck. In actuality, different individuals from The Doors didn't leave Jim at the gathering, and he never verbalized a hunch of anything terrible happing. Stone may have required something to move his plot further, however did he truly need to defame others to do this? Another mino... <!

Saturday, August 22, 2020

To Live Through the World of Imagination :: essays research papers

In writing, there are different works that guide kids in their formative movement of life. Youngsters experience arranges all through their advancement that lead them to the revelation of their own needs, yet the requirements of others as well. Numerous individuals don't understand the degree of which stories shape the manner in which we think. Stories are especially successful in impacting the manner in which youngsters think and act, since they like to hear or peruse them and over once more. The reiteration of these accounts joined with a youngster's creative mind makes recounting to a story perhaps the most ideal approaches to impact their reasoning. Two works that by implication impact a kid's perspective are Winnie the Pooh by A.A Milne, and Charlotte's Web by E.B White. Every one of these books manages circumstances including guardian youngster connections, peer bunch elements, and social collaborations. Both of these abstract works majorly affect youthful perusers, and every one adopts an extraordinary strategy in supporting youthful perusers all through their creating stages. Â Â Â Â Â Winnie the Pooh is an assortment of stories that manages the worries and needs of a developing kid, who is attempting to see how the world and the individuals in it work. The young man's name is Christopher Robin. Christopher's dad recounts to his child the accounts of Pooh's experiences and cooperations with others. So as to genuinely comprehend the importance of this story, one must understand that Winnie the Pooh speaks to one of the numerous characters of Christopher Robin. Similarly as Piglet, Rabbit, Kanga, Roo, Eeyore, and Owl are likewise change inner selves of him. Every one of these characters speaks to an alternate inclination or feeling of Christopher Robin, and every one of them are planned by the creator to fit a specific character quality that a kid can identify with. Â Â Â Â Â Charlotte's Web is the narrative of a little youngster who is amidst finding herself and figuring out how to be less narrow minded. Plant is the name of the little youngster, and Wilbur is her pig. In this story, Ferns change self image is Wilbur just as the Barnyard animals. They speak to Fern's internal musings and concerns. As in Winnie the Pooh, the characters in Charlotte's Web were additionally made so that a kid could without much of a stretch relate. Wilbur's activities and musings speak to Fern's wild want to encounter something new and strengthening. Plant's interests are more developed than those of Christopher Robin.

What is feminismwhat is feminist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What is feminismwhat is women's activist - Essay Example My closest companion, Cheng Zhang additionally has a similar view that ladies ought to be liberated from any male centric control in the general public. Cheng likewise connected herself with ladies big names like Wendi Deng and Hilary Clinton who are women's activists. Cheng was glad to be a lady while reacting during meetings and her non-verbal communication was eager. My mom, Lei Wang was very substance to deal with her home and family where she is the home-creator. She declined to be a women's activist as it would place her into mental pressure and clarified woman's rights as the job of a lady in assuming liability and choices in family life. My mom was very preservationist in her non-verbal communication. My father, Weijie Cai believes himself to be a women's activist and accepts that women's liberation is about the part of equity of rights among people. He was very decisive with his non-verbal communication. The fifth and the last respondent was Abby Chen who is my dad’s companion and she is an intense women's activist. She has faith in ladies rights and has held occasions on woman's rights in China. She was very forceful in her non-verbal communication. Patterns were seen from the respondents that the youthful age is progressively enthusiastic of the women's activist supposition. The women's activist assessment is likewise unequivocally present in the past age as on account of my dad’s companion however a higher rate likes to go either by the idea of equivalent rights among people or a few ladies may segregate themselves to be called as women's activist because of the parts of man despising and ugliness related with women's liberation. Taking a gander at the part of Zombie woman's rights which clarifies the development of women's liberation opinion among the youthful age from the phase of its clear demise over some stretch of time in present day period, I accepted that there would be fluctuated reactions from the interviewees on their thought towards women's liberation. Despite the fact that there were both positive and negative reactions on women's activist view, this could be

Friday, August 21, 2020

Health Planning and Regulations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wellbeing Planning and Regulations - Essay Example This paper targets talking about United Health Group Company profiled in America’s Health Insurance plan, examining its program and supposition on how it will improve the instruction of the individuals it is focusing on. The America Health Insurance plan has in excess of 1200 organizations which offers medical coverage to more that 250 million of Americans. One of the organizations profiled in the Insurance Plan is United Health Group Company. This foundation assumes an extraordinary job in upholding wellbeing education to Americans, since, they are answerable for making it troublesome or simpler for individuals to utilize and discover wellbeing administrations and data. It gives current wellbeing data, which is significant for most Americans to settle on choices on their wellbeing. Wellbeing Literacy can influence the two individuals with training aptitudes or not. It is a test to numerous people, similar to when they don't know about clinical terms and how their bodies work. Also, once in a while they are compelled to decipher dangers or numbers so as to settle on choices dependent on their wellbeing, or when they are determined to have alarming sickness. A few people have complex conditions, which require confused self-care. As indicated by, Health (23-36) absence of wellbeing proficiency influences grown-ups in all ethnic and racial gatherings. Both uninsured and protected grown-ups have low proficiency and wellbeing abilities. Moreover, both school graduates and secondary school graduates can have restricted proficiency. Joined Health Group Company program helps both unschooled and educated comprehend and get wellbeing data. The company’s program comprises of wellbeing training efforts that are intended to support the Americans and their families comprehend bunch laws and medical advantages which administer them, particularly when they are encountering changes in progress, labor, retirement, work misfortune, work circumstances and relationships. It helps in instructing them on a portion of the advantages of wellbeing inclusion

Issues in Employee Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Issues in Employee Performance - Essay Example In any case, having a sound yield for the organization relies upon the nature of human capital one association has. So as to achieve quality efficiency, one must choose skillful faculty of which can convey the normal yield dependent on the set objectives and destinations of the organization. In addition, then again, the individuals who have been utilized in the organization ought to be estimated dependent on ones profitability and achievement, a procedure of which leads towards workers execution the executives. Fundamentally, employees’ execution the executives centers around creating ones capacities. Aguinis (2007) referenced in one of his compositions that exhibition the board is â€Å"a constant procedure of distinguishing, estimating and building up the presentation of an individual.† Aguinis (2007) further included that this nonstop limit fabricating needs clear destinations, watching and estimating execution and standard input. Notwithstanding, Cokins (2004) doesn 't constrain execution the executives to limit fabricating but instead â€Å"performance the board causes supervisors to detect prior and react all the more rapidly to unsure changes.† Understanding the Nature of Employees According to Dan Hill (2008) representative administration is the most enthusiastic piece of the business. It is a relationship that interfaces the predominant and the staff where collaboration happens and in some cases extreme. Quick staged workplace for the most part prompts misconception or difference influencing office relationship. Sincerely stood up to with reality can't be kept away from since it party overwhelm the relationship that shadows sanity and objectivity influencing organization objectives and explicit work assignments. Sometimes of which are profoundly harming to the company’s notoriety and as a major aspect of remedying the activities of which has contrarily embraced by a representative, prompt end of business ought to be thought o f and served to the worker. In any case, in less deplorable cases, disciplinary move may make its place so as to enable the worker to improve their quality to satisfy work guidelines. It ought to consistently be remembered that lion's share of representatives might want to prevail in their individual situation in which all together for a worker to progress to their particular vocations, steady direction and instructing is normal from their boss. This would help them improved and be perceived once capacity empowering them to incorporate solidly to the company’s tasks giving them a feeling of belongingness and for them to have the option to perceive their own concern and having the option to develop oneself. Execution Management Wilson (2005) gave that presentation the board has its own arrangement of procedure, idea of which its methodology has an all encompassing way of thinking that incorporates representatives inspiration, consciousness of desire from the bosses, work force advancement and preparing, checking and execution estimation for them to have the option to know the key territories for development. As per Mathis and Jackson (2008) execution the board ought to radiate from the associations needs to meet its key targets. Execution the board fills in as a procedure identifying with each movement of association (Armstrong, 2005). Armstrong (2006) referenced that introducing a presentation the executives framework in the work environment makes a climate that empowers representatives to execution in high

Monday, June 29, 2020

International Organizations and Behaviour of States - 1375 Words

International Organizations and Behaviour of States (Research Paper Sample) Content: International Organizations and States BehaviourNameInstitution Introduction The 21st century is a unique era in the history of humanity. The long held saying that the world is round is slowly becoming irrelevant; people now prefer to say that the world is flat. Communication is now easy courtesy of mobiles phones and other information technology equipments. The internet has broken all the communications barriers of the 20th century. Countries, business organizations, and individuals can now transact business across the globe without necessary having to involve any physical appearance. It is indeed a technologically advancing world. The political dimension is also changing with the whims of information technology. Due to this increasing interconnectedness in the world, there has been a constant rise in the number of international organizations in different nations of the world. This is intended to promote communication, positive interactions and wellbeing of all state s in the world. Consequently, the international organizations in any state have both positive and negative influence in the way different states behave (Rittberger, 2001). International organizations such the United Nations refugee agency has a lot of effects to countries. The international criminal court is also another institution, which affects the behaviour of different states, in trade. However, other international organizations such world food organization and the Red Cross assist nations in their daily endeavours. This discussion will then examine the extent to which various international organizations mentioned above inhibit or constrain the behaviour of different states across the globe. It will also offer a conclusion on the topic.Discussion The presence of international organizations, in different states in different parts of the world, is now a norm. This is because of the increasing interconnectedness of different states in the world as facilitated by technological adva ncements. The international organizations operating in different parts of the world are increasing depending on the purpose they serve. Majority of the international organizations are humanitarian; providing support to the vulnerable in society, and facilitating other important aspects such environmental preservation, enhancement of democracy and championing for peace. Some seek to promote ties among nations as well as improving the trade relations. Clearly then, the range of international organizations present in the world today are for a good course. However, the fact that most of the international organizations are funded by powerful nations presents a twist to the intention of the International organizations. The United nations, which are the leading international organization with agencies in almost every part of the world, indeed affect the behaviour of nations (Mansbach Rhodes, 2009). The ongoing crisis in Syria has made many Syrians to seek refuge in the neighbouring countr ies such turkey and Jordan. Turkey and Jordan are countries which have their own challenges and so the influx of refugees has intensified the situation. In the event that turkey of Syria feel constraint by the refugees may be after the war, the UNHRC presence will hinder them from acting independently. This is for a fact a constraint of the international organizations on states behaviour. In relation to United Nations agencies in various parts of the world, the fact that all UN employees have immunity is another aspect which constraint states behaviour. In a normal democracy, the decision to deport expatriates who breaks the law lies with the state, but in the event that, a UN employee commits an offence, he or she will not be disciplined by the state in which he or she has committed the crime. Such a situation compromises the integrity of different states, and constrains its behaviour regarding dispensation of justice (Betsill Correll, 2007). The World Bank is also among internati onal organizations, which affects various states behaviour. Being the leading financial institution which gives loans to states, the World Bank is present in all parts of the world today. States especially in the developing world need money from time to time to gather for deficits in their budget or to start development projects, and as such cannot avoid the World Bank. The World Bank on the other gives loans to various states with conditions. The conditions more often are meant to promote good governance and democracy among nations, but at the same time constrain the nations from acting in their own way. For instance, if a particular state is against homosexuals, the decision to ban it should lie squarely on its governances as it understands the foundations of its society. The intervention of the institution such as the World Bank in such matters indeed affects the normal behaviour or states. This can be serious in situations where a state, is under dire need, of funds to support i ts citizens (Mansbach Rhodes, 2009). The international criminal court is a court whose mandate transcends boundaries and regions. Its main function is to intervene in matters relating to violation of human rights by the political class. As it may at times happen if a country refuses to cooperate with the court, the international community imposes sanctions on such countries. This has political constraints on the way countries with issues with the court behave on other issues due to fear of being alienated by other countries in trade and aid. Political science research and international relations studies confirm that international organizations have the potential of constraining states in the way they behave towards various issues. Democracy studies have it that the measure of democracy is in the way political positions are contested, and the way the electioneering process is conducted. It also mentions that all democratic states should be absolutely sovereign. As it has happen in d ifferent parts of the sub-Saharan Africa, the international organizations, which oversee elections, have always interfered with the process. More often, such organizations influence the voting patterns or agitate the removal of regimes seen to be against free and fair elections (Rittberger, 2001). Essentially, such events of the international organizations affect the way states behave. However, it is also worth mentioning that international organization does not necessarily constraints states in the way they behave, for instance organizations such world food organization and Red Cross. The Red Cross for instance allow have... International Organizations and Behaviour of States - 1375 Words International Organizations and Behaviour of States (Essay Sample) Content: International Organizations and States BehaviourNameInstitution Introduction The 21st century is a unique era in the history of humanity. The long held saying that the world is round is slowly becoming irrelevant; people now prefer to say that the world is flat. Communication is now easy courtesy of mobiles phones and other information technology equipments. The internet has broken all the communications barriers of the 20th century. Countries, business organizations, and individuals can now transact business across the globe without necessary having to involve any physical appearance. It is indeed a technologically advancing world. The political dimension is also changing with the whims of information technology. Due to this increasing interconnectedness in the world, there has been a constant rise in the number of international organizations in different nations of the world. This is intended to promote communication, positive interactions and wellbeing of all state s in the world. Consequently, the international organizations in any state have both positive and negative influence in the way different states behave (Rittberger, 2001). International organizations such the United Nations refugee agency has a lot of effects to countries. The international criminal court is also another institution, which affects the behaviour of different states, in trade. However, other international organizations such world food organization and the Red Cross assist nations in their daily endeavours. This discussion will then examine the extent to which various international organizations mentioned above inhibit or constrain the behaviour of different states across the globe. It will also offer a conclusion on the topic.Discussion The presence of international organizations, in different states in different parts of the world, is now a norm. This is because of the increasing interconnectedness of different states in the world as facilitated by technological adva ncements. The international organizations operating in different parts of the world are increasing depending on the purpose they serve. Majority of the international organizations are humanitarian; providing support to the vulnerable in society, and facilitating other important aspects such environmental preservation, enhancement of democracy and championing for peace. Some seek to promote ties among nations as well as improving the trade relations. Clearly then, the range of international organizations present in the world today are for a good course. However, the fact that most of the international organizations are funded by powerful nations presents a twist to the intention of the International organizations. The United nations, which are the leading international organization with agencies in almost every part of the world, indeed affect the behaviour of nations (Mansbach Rhodes, 2009). The ongoing crisis in Syria has made many Syrians to seek refuge in the neighbouring countr ies such turkey and Jordan. Turkey and Jordan are countries which have their own challenges and so the influx of refugees has intensified the situation. In the event that turkey of Syria feel constraint by the refugees may be after the war, the UNHRC presence will hinder them from acting independently. This is for a fact a constraint of the international organizations on states behaviour. In relation to United Nations agencies in various parts of the world, the fact that all UN employees have immunity is another aspect which constraint states behaviour. In a normal democracy, the decision to deport expatriates who breaks the law lies with the state, but in the event that, a UN employee commits an offence, he or she will not be disciplined by the state in which he or she has committed the crime. Such a situation compromises the integrity of different states, and constrains its behaviour regarding dispensation of justice (Betsill Correll, 2007). The World Bank is also among internati onal organizations, which affects various states behaviour. Being the leading financial institution which gives loans to states, the World Bank is present in all parts of the world today. States especially in the developing world need money from time to time to gather for deficits in their budget or to start development projects, and as such cannot avoid the World Bank. The World Bank on the other gives loans to various states with conditions. The conditions more often are meant to promote good governance and democracy among nations, but at the same time constrain the nations from acting in their own way. For instance, if a particular state is against homosexuals, the decision to ban it should lie squarely on its governances as it understands the foundations of its society. The intervention of the institution such as the World Bank in such matters indeed affects the normal behaviour or states. This can be serious in situations where a state, is under dire need, of funds to support i ts citizens (Mansbach Rhodes, 2009). The international criminal court is a court whose mandate transcends boundaries and regions. Its main function is to intervene in matters relating to violation of human rights by the political class. As it may at times happen if a country refuses to cooperate with the court, the international community imposes sanctions on such countries. This has political constraints on the way countries with issues with the court behave on other issues due to fear of being alienated by other countries in trade and aid. Political science research and international relations studies confirm that international organizations have the potential of constraining states in the way they behave towards various issues. Democracy studies have it that the measure of democracy is in the way political positions are contested, and the way the electioneering process is conducted. It also mentions that all democratic states should be absolutely sovereign. As it has happen in d ifferent parts of the sub-Saharan Africa, the international organizations, which oversee elections, have always interfered with the process. More often, such organizations influence the voting patterns or agitate the removal of regimes seen to be against free and fair elections (Rittberger, 2001). Essentially, such events of the international organizations affect the way states behave. However, it is also worth mentioning that international organization does not necessarily constraints states in the way they behave, for instance organizations such world food organization and Red Cross. The Red Cross for instance allow have...

Sunday, June 7, 2020

College Tuition Costs and Comparisons

College Tuition Costs and Comparisons Sticker Price Versus Affordability The College Board highlights that college costs are increasing and that families can expect to pay between $108 and $1,398 more for college than they did the previous year. For students who don't have a lot of scholarships, this additional cost can be quite a burden. Many recent college graduates lament that the price of their education increased each year they were in college. How can you be sure that paying more money for your college is the best choice for you? Below are a few tips: As a general rule of thumb, if you know you won't be receiving much aid and your family can't contribute a lot of money for college, try to stay away from schools that would cost more than $50,000 a year. While it may seem like your dream school, the student loans you have to pay when you graduate will surely shatter that dream! Be realistic. Try to cut costs in the application process by not applying to dozens of schools. Apply only to the ones that you have a reasonable chance of getting into. Doing your work now can pay off later. Keep your grades high so you will be eligible for academic awards, and start applying for as many scholarships as possible. It's never too early or too late! Related Articles Is the High Cost of Tuition Causing Decreased College Enrollment? Is the High Cost of Tuition Causing Decreased College Enrollment? Accounting and Finance Degree Comparisons Accounting and Finance Degree Comparisons Why Is College Attendance Important? Why Is College Attendance Important? College Tuition Costs and Comparisons It sometimes can seem almost arbitrary; one school costs several thousand while another costs over $30,000. The following tips will help you compare and contrast what you would get for your money. Education As the quality of learning is obviously the most important part of college, look into the type of education you would be getting for the cost. Can you get the same respectable degree from a public state school as you can from a smaller private school? Look into the faculty at each institution in your field of interest. Does one school have established and prolific masters of their fields while another only has adjunct professors with bachelor's degrees themselves? Look at the courses and their requirements. Does one school have very few requirements while another has very strict requirements? These should all factor into your choice and can help you justify a higher tuition costs sometimes. Location There are colleges all across the world. However, sometimes college location can affect cost. Schools in larger, metropolitan areas, such as New York, often cost more than state schools in rural areas. If location is important to you, remember that it might factor into your college costs.

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Prison Setting At Stanford University - 944 Words

The article being discussed in this section disclosure the results of two similar psychological studies conducted in different prisons. One of the studies was conducted by Professor Philip Zimbardo in a simulated prison setting at Stanford University. The study was conducted in England by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). Both studies discuss the brutality acts developed in the interactions between inmates and prison guards as well as the reasons why these acts take place. The general points of view of this article emphasize the cruelty of the reprimands by the use of excessive violence that has been executed by correctional guards against inmates in the prisons in United States and England. According to the article, correctional guards have perpetrated punishments that have injured inmates at all levels, including â€Å"everything from black eyes, contusions, lacerations, lost teeth, fractured noses and ribs, broken arms and jaws, as well as head trauma† (Gross, 2008) in both, state prisons and county jails in several states of the United States and England. As a result of these brutal attacks against inmates, Gross explains in his article that â€Å"inmates have been choked, kicked, punched, and hit with objects, by single or multiple guards, for offenses that range from an act of violence against staff, to verbal insults towards staff, to failure to comply with instructions† (2008). Nonetheless, the study of violence in prisons goes back to the decades of the 1960’sShow MoreRelatedStanford Prison Experiment905 Words   |  4 PagesThe Stanford Prison Experiment California State University, Long Beach The Stanford Prison Experiment The Stanford Prison Experiment is a very thought-provoking topic discussed in various classes. Professor and psychologist Philip Zimbardo conducted this experiment through Stanford University. Twenty-four men were randomly selected to participate in a simulated prison environment and were given roles as prisoners or prison guards. This was done to challenge the moral compass of â€Å"good† individualsRead MoreThe Stanford Prison Project1390 Words   |  6 PagesThe Stanford Prison Project In the summer of 1971 at Stanford University psychologist Phillip Zimbardo conducted a behavioral experiment meant to simulate a prison. This experiment was supposed to study the behaviors both guards and prisoners go through by using student volunteers to play the parts. This experiment, conducted in the basement of a Stanford University building, began to take on a life of its own and has since gone down in infamy. This paper will look into the person responsibleRead MoreA Research Study Of Two Conceptual And One Pedagogical Types Of Research Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesThe Stanford prison experiment was conceived by Dr. Philip G Zimbardo then conducted at Stamford University in Palo Alto, Calif on Au6 14 1971. This was a research experiment using ordinary college students that applied for $15.00 a day for 14 days. The intent was to explore the volatile dynamic between prisoners and prison officers that exist as well provide reform to the real world of officers training in correction (Blaas, 2000). Starting out the experiment was a setup prison setting to useRead MoreThe Stanford Prison Experiment Article Essay955 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: ESSAY ON THE STANFORD PRISON EXPERIMENT ARTICLE 1 Essay on the Stanford Prison Experiment Article John Adams University of the People ESSAY ON THE STANFORD PRISON EXPERIMENT ARTICLE 2 Per the Stanford Prison Experiment article (Haney, C., Banks, C. Zimbardo, P. 1971/1973) the general topic is to address the underlying psychological mechanisms for human aggression as well as societal group impacts on situations. The experiment was developedRead MoreCritique of The Stanford Prison Experiment Essay757 Words   |  4 PagesCritique of The Stanford Prison Experiment The Stanford Prison Experiment of 1973 raises troubling questions about the ability of individuals to exist repressive or obedient roles, if the social setting requires these roles. Philip K. Zimbardo, professor of Psychology at Stanford University, began researching how prisoners and guards assume submissive and authoritarian roles. He set out to do this by placing advertisements in a local newspaper, stating that male college students would be neededRead MoreAbu Ghraib Prison Scandal Essay1141 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal: Sources of Sadism,† Marianne Szegedy-Maszak informs the reader of the situation United States guards caused against Iraqi detainees. Under Bush’s presidency, United States soldiers brought physical abuse and humiliation upon the Abu Ghraib Prison. Szegedy-Maszak briefly analyzes the situation and compares the abuse to further scientific experiments in which test obedience. One of the experiments was the topic of another article titled, â€Å"The Stanford Prison Experiment,†Read MoreZimbardos Psychological Experiment and Fromms Correlation942 Words   |  4 PagesZimbardo’s Psychological Experiment and Fromm’s Correlation Over 4 decades ago, a Stanford psychology professor named Phillip G. Zimbardo administered an experiment that re-created a prison environment. The goal of the experiment was to simply study the process by which prisoners and guards â€Å"learn† to become compliant and authoritarian, respectively (Zimbardo 732). What would emerge from the â€Å"Stanford Prison Experiment† article were more than just compliance and authority. The experiment gave riseRead MoreThe Stanford Prison Experiment1658 Words   |  7 Pagesmost important issues today. The Stanford Prison Experiment, conducted over 40 years ago, brought these ethical issues into the limelight and remains one of the most controversial studies in the history of studying human behavior. This paper aims to define ethics, describe risk/benefit ratio, provide a brief background on the Stanford Prison Experiment, and evaluate the impact it has had on psychological research. â€Æ' The Stanford Prison Experiment The Stanford Prison Experiment probably tops a lot ofRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Psychology996 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In 1971 Dr. Philip Zimbardo, conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment at Stanford University in the basement. According to Zimbardo, the study was an effort to see how well people would react in a place of confinement, Classic Studies in Psychology, (2012). There were 24 male randomly assigned to act as guards or prisoners in the derision prison. The endeavor was of this study was at the start to last two weeks, but was ended after six days due to the immoderate action ofRead MoreThe Stanford Prison Experiment Review. It Is Sunday A1473 Words   |  6 PagesThe Stanford Prison Experiment Review It is Sunday; a college aged man sits at home waiting to start an experiment he is being paid $15 a day to participate in, when minutes later he finds himself in the back of a police car, soon to be incarcerated in the basement of Stanford University. The Stanford Prison Experiment, a study performed in 1971 by Phillip Zimbardo, was created to study the impacts of prison environment on both prisoners and guards (Zimbardo, 1973). Ultimately the goal was to

Sunday, May 17, 2020

Essay on Pride and Prejudice as Romantic Novel and...

Pride and Prejudice as Romantic Novel and Romantic Criticism To a great extent, Jane Austen satirizes conventional romantic novels by inverting the expectations of love at first sight and the celebration of passion and physical attractiveness, and criticizing their want of sense. However, there are also elements of conventional romance in the novel, notably, in the success of Jane and Bingleys love. The first indication of Austens inversion of accepted romantic conventions is Elizabeth and Darcys mutual dislike on first sight. However, Jane and Bingley fall in love almost immediately, and the development of their romance follows conventional romantic-novel wisdom, down to the obstacles in the form of Darcys and†¦show more content†¦Austen shows the development of Elizabeths love for Darcy, from gratitude and esteem after the letter to the certainty of love she realises at the onset of the Lydia episode. Even Jane and Bingleys happiness are accounted for by the presence of an excellent understanding in Jane and the superexcellent disposition, and a general similarity of character in both. Elizabeth sees the mutual benefit that must arise from her marriage with Darcy; from her liveliness his mind would have been softened, his mind improved and she would benefit from his judgment and [gd.] knowledge of the world. However, the emphasis on the need for reason does not preclude all passion; Jane Austen does not, as she has been accused of, forsake passion for consciousness. The rationale behind Elizabeths love is sound; yet there exists another element of passion and love and care, that causes her to be embarrassed and apprehensive and eager in Darcys presence, and that moves Darcy to propose to her despite the inferiority of her connections and the disapprobation of his aunt. Austen, unlike her Romantic counterparts, advocates a balance between passion and reason in romance. Elizabeths and Janes marriages are seen as the happiest, wisest, most reasonable end -- with the emphasis equally on happest as well as reasonable. That Austen does not wholly invert romance-novel conventions and reject passion entirely is seen in CharlottesShow MoreRelated A Comparison of Charles Dickens and Jane Austen Essay2446 Words   |  10 PagesLANGUAGE ESSAY Of the many authors to emerge during the nineteenth-century, Charles Dickens and Jane Austen were among the few who would make a lasting impression on the literary world for generations. Hard Times, often referred to as Dickens’ ‘Industrial novel’ and Austen’s Pride and Prejudice have been much read and well-loved classics for many years. It is the purpose of this essay to compare and contrast the different worlds depicted in both Hard Times and Pride and Prejudice. It will Read MoreJane Austen s Love And Friendship Essay1274 Words   |  6 PagesIn Jane Austen â€Å"Love and Friendship† she illustrates the gender disparity of power and rebellion. The Romantics feature prominently the ideals of rebellion and revolution. In William Wordsworth essay â€Å"Preface to Lyrical Ballads† he describes the poet â€Å"He is a man speaking to men: a man, it is true, endued with more lively sensibility, more enthusiasm and tenderness, who has a greater knowledge of human nature, and a more comprehensive soul, than are supposed to be common among mankind† (pg 299)Read More Pride and Prejudice and Jane Eyre: Love and Characterization2663 Words   |  11 Pagescan be expressed differently, this does not mean the people involved love each other any less. There are countless novels that focus on the love between characters, and each character loves differently. In Jane Eyre, Mr. Rochester and Jane have an impassioned affair, this affair is cut short by Jane’s realization that Mr.Rochester already has ties to another woman. In Pride and Prejudice, it is clear that Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy love each other very deeply, as Mr. Darcy is able to overcomeRead MoreSatire in Jane Austens Pride in Prejudice Essay3688 Words   |  15 PagesJane Austen’s Satirical Writing: Analyzing the Satire of Social Class Within Pride and Prejudice    Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice delves into the issue of why social standing in a society based solely on class should not be the most important thing when evaluating the worth of a person. Through several different literary techniques – such as letters and abundant focalizers – Austen conveys important information about key issues she has with the significance placed on social standing. The themeRead MoreAnalysis of Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice and Forsters A Room With A View1652 Words   |  7 PagesJane Austen’s ‘Pride and Prejudice’ utilises setting to reveal Darcy’s true character and allows Elizabeth to gain a true understanding of his nature. Pemberley estate is placed at the centre of the novel both literally and figuratively. In terms of Pemberley’s literal meaning, it informs the reader that the estate belongs to Darcy, while figuratively it reflects the charm of his character. Elizabeth Bennet’s vis it to Pemeberly illuminates’ Darcy’s moral fibre, she is enchanted by its beauty andRead MoreJane Austen’s Novels and the Contemporary Social and Literary Conventions.12979 Words   |  52 Pagesfeatures 6 1.5. Conduct Manuals and the Novels 9 2. Romantic Novels. 11 2.1. Introduction to the Novel. 11 2.2. The Novel of Manners, Sentiment and Emulation. 12 2.3 The Gothic Romance. 13 3. Jane Austen and Her Novels in relation to the Contemporary Literature. 15 3.1. Austen’s Criticism about the Contemporary Fiction. 15 3.2. Jane Austen as a Conservative Writer and as a Social Critic. 16 3.3. Austen’s writing in her own perception. 17 4. Pride and Prejudice. 20 4.1. Elizabeth Bennet and MrRead More Womens Rights in Pride and Prejudice Persuasion by Jane Austen5483 Words   |  22 Pagesâ€Å"Are women allowed to say No†, in Pride and Prejudice / Persuasion by Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice (whose original title was First Impressions) was written in 1796-1797 when Jane Austen was 21 years old and first published in 1813. It tells us the story of Elizabeth Bennet and Mr Darcy, who will overcome the pride and prejudice they feel towards each other to find mutual happiness. Persuasion was written between 1815 and 1816. The main character, Anne Elliot, has suffered unhappiness afterRead MoreThe Awakening: My Critical Essay2618 Words   |  11 Pages Title and Author The title of the novel is The Awakening by Kate Chopin. Setting and its Significance The Awakening is set in New Orleans at the end of the Victorian era. The significance of the novel being set in the Victorian era is the way women are treated and looked at. For a typical Victorian woman, she was expected to be faithful and do what the husband desires, take care of the children, and basically be entertainment for man. If affects the novel because the main character will go throughRead MoreEnlightment of Education in Pygmalion and Educating Rita9449 Words   |  38 Pages | |Ðâ€"Ð °Ã ±Ã'‹Ð »Ã ¸ Ð ¿Ã °Ã'€Ð ¾Ã »Ã'Å'? |2.2   Personal life and political activism | |Ðâ€"Ð °Ã'€Ð µÃ ³Ã ¸Ã' Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ¸Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ²Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å'Ã' Ã'  |2.3   Literary activity and criticism | |Bottom of Form |3. Pygmalion – one of the best works of George Bernard Shaw | |ГÐ »Ã °Ã ²Ã ½Ã °Ã'  |3.1 Plot of the playRead MoreAsk the Dust by John Fante13686 Words   |  55 PagesALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gales For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources. (c)1998-2002; (c)2002 by Gale. Gale is an

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Culture Background Affects Communication Essay - 755 Words

In this negotiation case, both parties have totally different cultural background. As culture might be defined as the scheme in which a person is socialized, it also means that culture influences the manner that people live, play, work and most importantly communicate with others. In order to understand and communicate effectively with people from different culture it is important to understand how culture affects communication. Culture can be conceptualized in many different ways but common conceptualization of culture focuses directly upon communication. This idea was advanced by Edward T. Hall, an anthropologist who spends years living among and observing people with many different cultures. In order to understand his idea it is†¦show more content†¦When massive information is versed in the express, it is a low context message. Direct statements or causal explanations are good examples of low context messages. According to Hall, interactions and conversations can be characterized as high, low or somewhere in the middle based on the quantity of high context or low context statements. A culture is then classified as high or low context according to the predominance of either type of messages and daily interaction. In low context cultures, like in Mike’s one, there is a preference for explicit direct messages. In high context culture, most of the communication is determined by the relationship of the individuals towards one another. The context represents a significant part in any interaction. People are treated differently according to their social position. For example someone who is older, even a day older, might be given more respect and be treated more formerly. There is no culture existing entirely in one end or the other end of the continuum. Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Mediterranean and to some degree Indian culture can be seen as high context culture. The US, Australia, Germany and Scandinavia are more probably low context cultures. Understanding the messages sent between each culture can take a variety of form can facilitate effective intercultural communication and an appreciation of the richness of cultures. The second key learning point for the students is the understanding of the crucialShow MoreRelatedDiversity Affects Communication898 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity Affects Communication Victoria Moore University of Phoenix Introduction to Communication COM/100 Bruce Turner January 03, 2010 Diversity Affects Communication 1. What is cultural diversity? Why is an appreciation of diversity important in communication? Cultural diversity is having a group made up of people from various ethnicities, backgrounds, religions, etc. Having an appreciation of diversity is extremely important and essential for effective communication. For exampleRead MoreCultural Diversity At The California College Of Arts1234 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Society and studies as well. It is important to encourage students to explore the diversity of culture in America and also understand how culture has changed the landscape. The essence of studying diversity in culture is to help students understand the global community interrelations and how ethnicity, race and culture affect design practices. The purpose of this report was to analyze culture diversity in the California College of Arts and how this difference has impacted the population of theRead MoreHow Social Background Affects Relationships And The Way People Communicate1519 Words   |  7 Pagesxplain how: Social background Professional background Cultural background Affect relationships and the way people communicate. Social- Some children grow up in socially disadvantaged areas, poor housing conditions, low income households and single parent families, this in turn may affect a child’s learning development and restrict communication, and how you approach a family whose child may be affected due to their social background circumstances should be aware of the manner in which you approachRead MoreThe Right Kind Of Care795 Words   |  4 PagesThe Right Kind of Care Cultural identities and our personalities affect our perceptions. There’s a tendency to favor others who exhibit cultural or personality traits that match up with our own. Effective communication with people of different cultures can be especially challenging. Intercultural communication occurs when a member from one culture produces a message that absorbed by a member of another culture. As stated by (Jandt, 2015), â€Å"human perception is usually thought of as a three-step processRead MoreThe Importance Of An Effective Communication At A Good Management Organization937 Words   |  4 Pagesleadership, immediate mangier working relationship, peer culture, personal influence, nature of my career, career support, nature of the job, development opportunities, employee recognition and pay fairness. One of the factor immediate mangier working relationship, plays a major role of affecting employee engagement. Within a good management, organization is necessary to be able to set up a good relationship and have clearly communication to informing employees of what is required and organizationRead MoreCommunication And Health And Social Care Setting868 Words   |  4 PagesNAME: Olubunmi Davies Unit 1 Promote Communication in Health and Social Care Setting 1.1 Identify the different reasons people communicate. Communication is a process of passing or receiving messages, through individual or group of people. Lack of communication can minimize how people interaction with each other, sharing ideas, building a relation and understanding each other can only be achieve through communication. Also, in the care setting, employee, employer and the care user’s are able toRead MoreCommunication and Individual Forces Essay804 Words   |  4 PagesFound in the Synergetic Model Affect the Communication Process Chris Scott ITT Technical Institute Abstract This paper will discuss how the communication process can be affected by individual forces, societal forces, culture, context, and ethics. It will discuss the importance of understanding how communication is affected by these forces. It is important to understand the way they affect communication so that proper and effective communication can occur. Read MoreInternational Business Communications Essay1332 Words   |  6 Pagesmonocultural in the modern world† (1990, 56). However, international business communications do not effective every time. A wide range of business firms found that their employees were ill equipped for overseas work in the globalizing market. In this case study, Molly and Daniel found that there was a problem in communication between two multinational companies. This essay will analyse this problem of intercultural communication, propose solutions to ensure next company meeting more successful and explainRead MoreEffective Group Work Based On Respect, Trust, Passion And Collaboration1290 Words   |  6 Pages The effective group work based on respect, trust, passion and collaboration. All the members try their best to achieve the goal which are the common aims. The components of successful teamwork can be concluded as follows, open communication with relax environment, clear direction of overall work, decision making process, and tasks for each members, balance the responsibility of participations for the task success, conflict acknowledge and process, sharing information and communicate each otherRead MoreMulticultural Communication1163 Words   |  5 Pagesmulticultural communication and its origins. As travel and communication have become faster and easier, interaction between people of different cultures has become more and more common. It was once the case that different cultures remained mostly separate from each other, whether due to war, geographic reasons, or beliefs in keeping ethnic purity. Trade and immigration have brought together people of diverse cultures and backgrounds, making communication between people of different cultures unavoidable

The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock And The Waste Land

‘[Poetry] is not the expression of personality, but an escape from personality’ (T.S. Eliot). Analyse this statement in relation to ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ or ‘The Waste Land’. Certainly, the style of the poem does free it from questions about the personality of the poet, as we are more focused on the character who is the poem’s subject. The use of interior monologue means that the reader follows the character Prufrock’s thoughts as he has them. This makes the poem feel disjointed and quite confusing in places, as there is no explanation of Prufrock’s meaning; no background information given about the thoughts he has, nor any sense of continuity in some places. One example of this is the couplets that occasionally punctuate the flow of the poem, such as ‘In the room the women come and go/Talking of Michelangelo’. The thought interrupts the continuity between the two surrounding stanzas, and no context is given for it – we do not know who the women are, and no explanation is given. In changing the focus of the poem abruptly like this, Eliot keeps the attention of the reader on following what the character is sa ying, rather than what he as a poet may be trying to convey. The shifting of tenses reinforces this sense of confusion. Eliot changes tenses throughout the course of the poem, occasionally describing Prufrock’s thoughts of the future whilst moving back and forth between past and present. At the start of the poem the reader is led to believeShow MoreRelated Message of Hope in Eliots The Waste Land, Gerontion, and The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock2426 Words   |  10 PagesMessage of Hope in Eliots The Waste Land, Gerontion, and The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Thomas Stearns Eliot was not a revolutionary, yet he revolutionized the way the Western world writes and reads poetry. Some of his works were as imagist and incomprehensible as could be most of it in free verse, yet his concentration was always on the meaning of his language, and the lessons he wished to teach with them. Eliot consorted with modernist literary iconoclast Ezra Pound butRead MoreEssay on T.S. Eliot704 Words   |  3 PagesT.S. Eliot T.S. Eliot is said to be one of the most influential modernist poets of our time. His poetry, although very complex is the subject of literary classes and discussions around the world. His poems â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† and â€Å"The Waste Land† are not only alike in his literary style, but also share the same theme of unsuccessful male and female relationships. Eliot experienced a very unsuccessful relationship with the opposite sex when he was married to a drug-addictedRead MoreT. S. Eliots Poetic Devices Essay1038 Words   |  5 PagesT.S. Eliots Poetical Devices T.S. Eliot was one of the great early 20th Century poets. He wrote many poems throughout his career including The Waste Land(1922), The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock(1917), and Ash Wednesday(1930). Throughout his poems, he uses the same poetic devices to express emotion and give an added depth to his poetry and act like a trademark in his works. One of the devices used throughout is his personification of nature. The second device he often uses is allusionsRead More Modernism In Works of T.S. Elliot And James Joyce Essay1766 Words   |  8 Pagesthe parts of the poem The Waste Land as well as The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock both of which were written by eminent poet T.S. Eliot and a short story from Dubliners named Eveline by James Joyece. Both the Poems and the short story in some way celebrate the practical and existent picture of life and culture and the changes with in them. This essay will firstly discuss the poem The Waste Land secondly it will discuss The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock thirdly the short story EvelineRead MoreThe Decay Of The Human Mentality837 Words   |  4 Pagesespecially Western culture, has been lessened with the passing of time rather than improved. In his poems it is evident that he holds older culture far superior to current pop-culture. â€Å"Eliot expresses the themes of time, death-rebirth, levels of love (and attitude toward women), the quest motif on psychological, metaphysical, and aesthetic levels† (Baskett). He also makes proficient use of Dante’s four poetic levels: literal, allegorical, moral, and anagogic, â€Å"Eliot s relation to romanticism,Read More The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T.S. Eliot Essay example1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T.S. Eliot The poetry of the modernist movement is characterized by an emphasis on the alienation of the individual from the broader community in which he or she exists. In the works of T. S. Eliot, this alienation is expressed as a symptom of spiritual and moral decay within communities, societies, and entire civilizations. Eliot’s modernism, which was strongly influenced by his conversion to Anglo-Catholicism, is a harsh critique of the pervasive self-obsessionRead MoreEliot s The Waste Land998 Words   |  4 PagesIn T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land, the use of multiple speakers and both obvious and obscure references are techniques utilized to condemn the culture around him at the time in which he was living. His pretentious criticism of this disconnected, immoral, and uneducated society allows us to see that Eliot values unity, morality, and a quality education in a way that the people around him do not. Eliot uses a substantial amount of fragmentation in The Waste Land to symbolize the brokenness of the societyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock1529 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of the setting of the poems â€Å"The Love song of J. Alfred Prufrock† and â€Å"Something Whispered in the Shakuhachi† â€Å"The Love song of J. Alfred Prufrock† and â€Å"Something Whispered in the Shakuhachi† are poems written by T.S. Eliot and Garrett Hongo correspondently. Both poems put a great emphasis on the depiction of the narrator’s emotion. The poems are focused on feelings and emotions of their narrators. At the same time, it should noted that a lot of attractive in both poems is given to the settingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Appearance Theme By T. S. Eliot, Tennessee Williams, And Arthur Miller2539 Words   |  11 Pageslight on the theme with their works â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,† A Streetcar Named Desire, and Death of a Salesman. First off, appearance was exceedingly significant in T.S. Eliot’s â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,† and readers have a lot to learn from this work. Before examining the theme, the poem’s basic plot, as well as the author of the work, needs to be understood; the poem began with a gloomy man, almost certainly named J. Alfred Prufrock, walking around a foggy city (Eliot, 2006)Read MoreDisillusionment and Rebellion in Modernism1502 Words   |  7 Pagestime, was its successful unity of society through its illumination of the feelings of disillusionment and rebellion. This illumination and unification is shown in a number of texts composed at the time, including; Preludes, The Waste Land and The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T.S Eliot. T.S. Eliots Preludes portrays a futile existence in a desolate world, and a disillusioned protagonist, who sees the world for what it is. It was written between the years of 1910 and 1911 and can be viewed as

Ghandi vs. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay Example For Students

Ghandi vs. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay To attain his ultimate goal, Gandhi had to prove worthy of its rewards. His most supreme objective was to induce British rule to calmly and peacefully leave India. He knew that the only way this could happen was if Britain began to respect his ideas and see that his belief truly was just. Gandhi spoke of nonviolent resistance as a method to help the opposing side see how they were committing sins. He knew that he would have to incite his fellow Indians to take the moral high road in the conflict with the British. In the movie he said, To gain independence, we must prove worthy of it. Martin Luther King, Jr. also encouraged his fellow African Americans with words that would make the white people see how deserving they were of equal treatment. King states in Stride Toward Freedom, I came to see early that the Christian doctrine of love operating through the Gandhian method of nonviolence was one of the most potent weapons available to the Negro in his struggle for freedom. (King, 85). Violence destroys a community. No one wants to live among violence, but people still commit brutal acts everyday. Gandhi and King both recognized the inherent evil in all violence and worked to show its effects. King stated, if I respond to hate with a reciprocal hate I do nothing but intensify the cleavage in broken society. (King, 106). What he means is that violence is detrimental to our happiness, and only by meeting hate with love can we help to mend its damage. Gandhi proves this point by saying, An eye for an eye only makes the whole world blind. Not only is this statement true concerning our reaction to others sins, but it also shows us that by hating others we are mostly hurting ourselves. Gandhi believed in his fight. He had faith that he could help India achieve independence. He knew that if Indians remained nonviolent and forgave the British, they would someday be rewarded. He stated his confidence in the movie by saying, We will continue to provoke until we win. They arent in control. I am. .

Origins and Definitions by Lee Su Kim free essay sample

The evolution of this unique ethnic group dates as far back as 500 to 600 years ago when Chinese traders arrived in parts of the Malay Peninsula, the nucleus of which was Malacca, the center of the Malacca Sultanate. The Chinese men did not bring their women folk along, and many intermarried with the local women. The acute shortage of Chinese women accounted for the frequent intermarriages between the early Chinese and the local women. Intermarriage between the Babas and the Malays eventually ceased, and for hundreds of years past, the Babas have married exclusively amongst their own peoples becoming an endogamous and elite group. Today, it is found distributed throughout Malaysia and Singapore with its strongholds in Malacca, Singapore and Penang. There exists some confusion of terminology. Three terms are commonly used interchangeably to describe this community – the Peranakan, the Straits Chinese, and the Babas and Nyonyas. The word Peranakan is derived from the Malay word ‘anak’ which means ‘child’. We will write a custom essay sample on Origins and Definitions by Lee Su Kim or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The term refers to local-borns as well as the offspring of foreigner-native union. Frank Swettenham explains that the term Baba is used for Straits born males, whether the children of English, Chinese or Eurasian parents and is of Hindustani origin (Tan, 1988). Baba is the term for the male and Nyonya for the female. The word Baba may be derived from the word bapa which means father in Malay. Some historians think that it is an honorific and the equivalent for a tuan or a towkay. The word Nyonya is said to have originated from Java.The Straits Chinese regarded the Straits Settlements as their homeland and while maintaining a basically Chinese identity, gradually abandoned the close links of kinship, sentiment, political allegiance and financial remittances to China so characteristic of the non-Baba Chinese ( Clammer, 1980).A clear distinction must be made between the Straits Chinese and the Straits-born Chinese. To be defined as a Straits Chinese, he or she would have to adopt the exterior markers of a Baba or Nyonya, in language, customs, kinship, dress, food and even occupation.

Monday, April 20, 2020

The Relationship between Suggestibility and Self

Abstract This report presents the survey aimed at examining the link between self-monitoring as measured by the Self-monitoring Scale and suggestibility, which is measured by the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS). In this study, it is hypothesized that there is a significant difference in the suggestibility scores between the low and high self-monitoring groups.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Relationship between Suggestibility and Self-monitoring specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The study involved 51 participants aged 17-48 years old. The results obtained in this study suggested that there is a significant difference in the suggestibility scores between low and high self-monitors. Furthermore, these findings support previous studies on the same topic. The studies suggest that high self-monitors are more sensitive to interrogative challenges or suggestibility when compared to low self-monitors. Thus, th ey are bound to have high suggestibility scores on the GSS than the later. Therefore, there is a statistically significant difference in the suggestibility scores between the two groups. Introduction Previous research studies on suggestibility are concerned with investing the factors influencing this psychological concept relative to the results of the two forms of GSS, that is, GSS 1 and 2. Self-monitoring has been identified as the major factor influencing suggestibility in the context of a variety of interviews or interrogations particularly in clinical and forensic interrogative practices (Klein et al., 2004). Very few such studies have been conducted on university students in order to explore any significant differences in suggestibility among the two levels of self-monitoring. However, a variety of studies indicate that there is a strong relationship between suggestibility and self-monitoring such that the later influences the various degrees of suggestibility. According to Ba in et al. (2006), high self-monitors score highly in almost all the four categories of the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale 1 (GSS 1) relative to low self-monitors. Therefore, self-monitoring entails the practice of paying attention to various personal, situational, and social factors during an interrogative exercise that requires strict memory recall. The personal and social prompts include various beliefs and values held by various individuals relative to the society’s concern for the correctness of an individual’s actions. On the other hand, suggestibility refers to the degree to which, an individual in an isolated social context, accepts and comprehends the content of a query, which prompts the subsequent behavioral changes and responses categorized as suggestible or resistant. Therefore, suggestibility is dependent on self-monitoring in many aspects.Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Gudjonsson Clark (1986), self-monitoring is part of the coping mechanisms developed by the interviewee when exposed to various contextual challenges as a result of interrogative suggestibility. The scholars indicate that under interrogative suggestibility, all interviewees have a general apprehension of the situation in relation to the socially acceptable factors affecting an individual’s behavior. In this case, self-monitoring plays a major role in creating a defiant or a gullible behavioral rejoinder to the situational characteristics (Gudjonsson, 2003). In addition, a defiant or negative response to the situation is important in determining the degree of suggestibility in different contexts. The negative response alters any previous feedbacks to a given situation thereby allowing the interviewee to alter their current responses and increase their vulnerability to misinformation during questioning. A recent study investigates the connection b etween self-monitoring and suggestibility relative to the scores obtained on the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale 1 (GSS 1). The survey employs the self-monitoring scale in measuring the degree to which some individuals relate social prompts to certain situations and their susceptibility to misinformation as recorded on the GSS (Gudjonsson, 1997). The study found out that different individuals can be categorized on the basis of self-monitoring into high and low self-monitors. The findings of the study indicate that high self-monitors are more susceptible to misinformation contained on the GSS when compared to low self-monitors. This is attributable to high self-monitors being more sensitive to situational prompts and their influence on the socially acceptable actions rather than the content on the GSS. Consequently, high self-monitors are concerned about the situational demands and the social response to their actions more than misinformation on the GSS. The present research study is aimed at investigating the relationship between suggestibility and self-monitoring on undergraduate psychology students. This population has not been studied in the previous surveys on the same topic. Therefore, this study will give a detailed report of a group which has not been studied in a while in relation to self-monitoring and suggestibility. In this survey, it is hypothesized that due to the influence of external social prompts, there is a statistically significant difference in the suggestibility scores between the low and high self-monitors. Method Design The survey involved a single independent variable, which was categorized into two, low and high self-monitoring.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Relationship between Suggestibility and Self-monitoring specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Participants Fifty one undergraduate psychology students were voluntarily recruited into the study. This sample po pulation consisted of 11 Males and 40 Females aged 17-48 years (Mean= 23.58, SD= 8.21). Materials Self-monitoring This refers to the practice of paying attention to various situational demands or prompts, which influence the socially acceptable behavioral changes in different individuals under a given complex or challenging situation. In the present survey, self-monitoring was measured by the Revised Self Monitoring Scale (Lennox Wolfe, 1982, p. 1). The scale had 13 tabulated statements and 5 optional answers. In this scale, the participants were required to place an X in the square showing the right answer. Furthermore, the scale comprised of statements such as, â€Å"In social situations, I have the ability to alter my behavior if I feel that something else is called for† and â€Å"I have the ability to control the way I come across to people, depending on the impression I wish to give them† (Lennox and Wolfe, 1982, p. 1). Besides the answers to these statements inc luded, â€Å"Never,† â€Å"Occasionally,† â€Å"Sometimes,† â€Å"Often,† and â€Å"Always† (Lennox Wolfe, 1982, p. 1). The scale gave a score range of 0-52 in which scores above 30 indicated high self-monitoring and those below 30 indicated low self-monitoring. Suggestibility This entails the various challenges or pressures to which the participants are exposed to during questioning. Therefore suggestibility is the degree to which these challenges are bound to influence behavioral changes in the participants, which indicates whether they are high or low self-monitors (Gudjonsson, 1997). Suggestibility was measured using the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale, which composed of 20 questions derived from a story that was presented to participants orally (Gudjonsson, 1997). Fifteen of the questions in this scale were leading questions, which had misinformation while the remaining five were true implying that they had no misleading information. The numb er of suggestive questions answered by an individual indicated the suggestibility score. This scale provided a score range of 0-15 in which higher scores indicated a greater degree of suggestibility. Overall, the equipment used in this survey was a questionnaire, which was employed in two surveys, one involving the written questionnaire and the other involved an oral questionnaire.Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Procedure At the beginning of the survey, the narrative was read to the participants. The participants then filled out a questionnaire on the basic demographic questions and the self-monitoring measures. Subsequently, the participants were asked to answer the 20 questions about the narrative that had been read to them earlier. In order to allow for measurement of the suggestibility scores, the immediate recall procedure was employed. At the end of the experiment, the participants were debriefed about the nature of the study. The self-monitoring scale provided two scores in which a score is given for the wrongly answered suggestive question. High suggestibility scores indicated high self-monitoring while low scores indicated low self-monitoring. On the other hand, the GSS measured the memory recall in which the correct score was awarded for the right answer to the questions about the narrative. This was based on the answers being the same as the original idea or meaning contained in the story. High scores indicated a higher vulnerability to suggestibility while low scores indicated lower sensitivity. Results According to the scoring protocols describes above, 24 participants were categorized as low self-monitors because they scored lowly in both the self-monitoring scale and on the GSS. On the other hand, 27 participants were categorized as high self-monitors because they scored highly in the two scales. The mean score for the low self-monitoring group was 5.1833 (SD= 2.00603) and that of the high self-monitoring group was 8.0370 (1.83410). Moreover, an independent-groups t-test showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the suggestibility scores between the low and high self-monitoring groups, scores (t(49) = 20.17, p 0.001). Consequently, low suggestibility implies that there was a low tendency for the participants who had low suggestibility scores to pay attention to the situational demands while high suggestibility implies that the degr ee of sensitivity to situational demands and perceptions was high among the participants who scored high suggestibility scores (Boon Baxter, 2004). Discussion This study was designed to investigate the relationship between self-monitoring and suggestibility. It was hypothesized that there is a statistically significant difference between the low and high self-monitoring groups. The findings of the study confirmed that the hypothesis was correctly stated. It was noted that the high self-monitors had high suggestibility scores compared to the low self-monitors as shown in fig. 1 below. Fig. 1  Self-monitoring score Group n Mean Standard Deviation Low Self-monitors 24 5.1833 2.00603 High Self-Monitors 27 8.0370 1.83410 t-test score (t (49)= 20.17, p0.001) The results indicate that high self-monitors are more susceptible to the challenges on the GSS, which include leading questions and negative or defiant responses. Studies indicate that paying attention to various situatio nal and social prompts determines whether an individual will provide an impressionable or resistant feedback to a GSS question (Boon Baxter, 2004). Therefore, these individuals tend to treat all the information obtained under different situations relative to the situational and social cues that influence behavioral changes. Additionally, studies indicate that high self-monitors display initial behaviors characterized as being uncertain and success-oriented. Therefore, they are bound to be more attentive to various external social prompts. The findings of the present study support these theories in many aspects. It is evident that high self-monitors experience higher degrees of uncertainty when faced with complex situations that require them to pay attention to the content rather than their perceptions of the situation. Consequently, these individuals fail to notice misinformation because they are unable to recall. This is contrary to the low self-monitoring groups who are attentive to the content rather than the social cues (Boon Baxter, 2004). Despite that the study provides strong evidence showing the link between suggestibility and self-monitoring, a number of limitations are notable. Firstly, the experimental design may not be appropriate in investigating the link between the two concepts. Since the study employed a single independent variable, it is impossible to explore the effect of other external factors on the results obtained. Therefore, inclusion of additional variables would have made the study statistically sound. Secondly, the sample selected may have been inappropriate and biased. Inclusion of an equal number of males and females would have made the study more practical. Future studies should include a different experimental design comprising of both independent and dependent variables in addition to an equal number of males and females. This kind of study can allow the experimenter to assess the effect of other factors on the relationship bet ween self-monitoring and suggestibility. Additional studies are also required to determine whether there are any significant differences between boys and girls relative to the relationship between suggestibility and self-monitoring. Conclusion The report presents the findings of a survey aimed at investigating the link between suggestibility and self-monitoring among 51 undergraduate psychology students. In this study, the self-monitoring scale and the GSS are used to measure the degree of self-monitoring and suggestibility respectively. In this study, it is hypothesized that there is a significant difference in suggestibility scores between the low and high self-monitoring groups. From the discussions above, it is indicated that high self-monitors are more susceptible to suggestibility compared to low self-monitors because they scored highly on the GSS. Therefore, it is evident that there is a significant difference in the suggestibility scores between the two groups.a Reference Li st Bain, S.A., Baxter, J.S. Ballantyne, K. (2007). Self-monitoring style and levels of interrogative suggestibility. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 623-630. Boon, J. C. W., Baxter, J. S. (2004). Minimizing extraneous, interviewer-based interrogative suggestibility. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 9(2), 229–238. Gudjonsson, G. H. (1997). The Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales Manual. Hove: Psychology Press. Gudjonsson, G. H. (2003). The Psychology of Interrogations and Confessions: a  Handbook. Chichester: Wiley. Gudjonsson, G. H., Clark, N. K. (1986). Suggestibility in police interrogation: A social psychological model. Social Behavior, 1, 83–104. Klein, O., Snyder, M., Livingston, R. W. (2004). Prejudice on the stage: Self monitoring and the public expression of group attitudes. British Journal of Social Psychology, 43(2), 299–314. Lennox, R.D. Wolfe, R.N. (1982). Concern for appropriateness as a moderator variable in the statistical expl anation of self-reported use of alcohol and marijuana. Journal of Personality, 53(1), 1-16. This report on The Relationship between Suggestibility and Self-monitoring was written and submitted by user Danika O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tuesday, April 14, 2020

Posse Scholarship Essay Sample - Why Has This Little Known Scholarship Ended Up Being Big News?

Posse Scholarship Essay Sample - Why Has This Little Known Scholarship Ended Up Being Big News?The one thing that has me scratching my head as a parent of a teenager who wants to pursue college is the fact that not many people have posse scholarship essay samples to hand. I have seen them at high schools and colleges but rarely in the form of a text or essay. Why is that?First, let's talk about what posse scholarship essay samples are. They are just text or an essay that can be used for a scholarship essay contest. They don't get the students to answer questions and do extensive research for the essay, they just get students to write and they get students to answer questions in the essay.I think that we all know what writers sense of humor is when it comes to writing. Most teens want to win prizes so they tend to think that writing a detailed essay is as good as winning the contest. Not only does this show poor writing skills, it shows an attitude that your teenager doesn't seem to k now how to handle things well.I think that if you have a posse scholarship essay sample at hand, you could always give it to your child for them to use. I think you might find that it's better for them to write their own essay instead of making one up. I think it would show them that they're just as capable of writing something that's well written as it would be for them to write it all by themselves.The biggest reason why many teenagers are not writing well is that they feel that they're supposed to just write a personal essay. When it comes to writing a scholarship essay, though, there are no winners and losers. You are either accepted into the scholarship or you aren't.I don't want my child to get accepted for the scholarship but I don't want them to get accepted and not get anything in return. That's why I let them make up their own essay. Of course, we'll know if they did well if they win the scholarship.Whatever you decide to do, be sure to consult with your parents first to s ee what they think of your decision before you start to write. You don't want to upset them. It's always better to talk things over with them first so that you're both on the same page.If you really want to help your child, be sure to look into scholarships and financial aid that your child may not have any access to and that may give them good opportunities. Sometimes, if your child is willing to work hard and be involved, they can go to college on their own. It will take work, though, so be sure to encourage them as best you can.

Sunday, March 15, 2020

Heritage and Orgin essays

Heritage and Orgin essays What makes a person an individual? So many factors contribute to making a person unique. In Cleanth Brooks essay, The English Language in the South, Cleanth recognizes factors that bring out the individuality of different people. Brooks examines the stereotypes associated with accents and southern vocabulary. Different heritages and origins create a different style of language. The parental figures in a childs life greatly influence the way a child will view the world for the rest of his life. Brooks recognizes that the attitude of the south never had quite the reverence for the written word which prevailed in New England(709). A child would grow up in the south knowing only the language that he had been surrounded with. One of Brooks main points is that the heritage of a person is going to determine whom that person becomes. A person should not be ashamed of his heritage because it is different. In addition to heritage, origin is also a determining factor in the life of people from the south. The south did have a different vocabulary. Letters seem to be left out of words. The spoken language of the south is undeniably unique; however, the unique language is not a language resulting from uneducated and ignorant Americans. The origin of southerners influences the way they respond to different situations throughout their life. Brooks demonstrates his knowledge of different cultures in this essay. Different factors will create a different form of language. Heritages and origins are the main points that Brooks observes which will cause a group of people to be so unique in their individualism that other people may look down on them. Brooks main point in his writing is to prove that people are unique, and not superior to other people because of their origin and heritage. ...

Friday, February 28, 2020

Abraham Lincoln and Slavery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Abraham Lincoln and Slavery - Essay Example Undoubtedly, Abraham Lincoln is considered one of the most prominent and remarkable president in the America’s history. He lived between February 12, 1809 and April 15, 1865. He was the 16th president of the United States. He served as president from March 1861 until 1865 when he was assassinated. The reason why he is considered the most important president in America’s history is the fact that he led the country through major military, moral, and constitutional crisis - the American Civil War. During his presidency period through this crisis, he was able to end slavery, promote financial and economic modernization, and preserve the Union. 1 Lincoln was brought up in a poor family after his father, Thomas Lincoln, had lost his land through court cases, having been accused of possessing property titles which were faulty. Lincoln, therefore, did not enjoy most of the luxuries that were enjoyed by children from relatively rich family; luxuries such as quality education, go od-conditioned housing, and descent meals among others. Regarding Lincoln’s education, it is approximated that he spent only one-year worth of classes in his formal elementary; most of education he received from various itinerant teachers. It is worth pointing out that he was an avid reader and he acquired most of his knowledge through self-education.2 He eventually became a country lawyer, legislator of Illinois State, and the US House of Representatives member for one term, but he failed twice in his attempt to capture US Senate seat. Lincoln married Mary Todd on November 4, 1842 and got two children, namely Robert and Edward. His political career began on March 1832 with his first campaign for a post in the Illinois General Assembly. Lincoln had professed in 1861 that he had been a steadfast Whig; Whig was a party that subscribed to the ideas of espoused urbanization, protective tariffs in order to fund internal developments, and economic modernization. His beliefs in Whig ’s ideology informed most of his political decisions especially concerning America’s economic growth and development.3 Besides, he favoured unification of the US nation and opposed slavery and its expansion in the US. Therefore, the questions of how and why Lincoln’s ideas about slavery evolved are considered in this paper; besides, it tackles his ideas about Blacks and the institution of slavery. It seems to nearly every person who knows about Abraham Lincoln that his belief on slavery and race was well-defined and firm. It is a well-documented fact that Lincoln was against slavery and racism in period prior to his presidency and after. However, what still puzzles historians, political scientists, and other individuals concerned with Lincoln’s history and issues to do with slavery is whether his fight against the aforementioned issues was because of him being a politician or a leader. Until 1850s, slavery was legal in the southern US but had been outlawe d in the northern states like Illinois. Lincoln was opposed to slavery and its spread, especially to the new territory of western states. As a young person, Lincoln had little knowledge on slavery that was dominant in the south because he had seen little of it as a child. As he grew older, his stance on slavery developed because of what he witnessed and experienced. Lincoln’s marriage to Mary Told contributed greatly to his developed stance on the slavery issue since Mary had had first-hand contact with slavery as she came from a slave- owning family; she, therefore, narrated to him slavery stories.4 In addition, having had a career as an attorney provided him with experience on slavery issue.5 He handled several slavery cases, the most notable being Bailey v. Cromwell and Matson

Tuesday, February 11, 2020

Media Coverage of Women's sports Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Coverage of Women's sports - Dissertation Example This research is intends to bring to light how the media contributes in the exclusion of women within sports from view and discourse by public something that affects their participation within sport, the manner in which media’s limited coverage for women within sports promotes gender stereotypes, as well as, contributes towards bias access to services by women as well as their potentiality fulfilments in relation to their right to sport. The key principle within the research will be that satisfying the right to sport has not just to do with satisfying physical access to sport, however, as well about making sure that the facilitation happens. The research will be conducted in London, United Kingdom. 1,000 grownups will be surveyed to find out where individuals stand as far as women’s sport is concerned. Within the discussion, sports will be examined, in general, since the human right to sport acknowledges sport for professional engagement, for recreation, and for health and social benefits. Sport is an established competitive activity, which involves specialised equipment or facilities and physical skill, and is governed by a set of rules that are accepted to determine a winner. Recreational sport, on the other hand, involves activities whose key purpose is participation with regard to fun, enhancement of physical fitness, as well as social involvement frequently prominent. Leisure sport involves physical activity for leisure time and relaxation. Educational sport includes physical education within schools.

Friday, January 31, 2020

Constructing Feminine Form for Masculine Sake Essay Example for Free

Constructing Feminine Form for Masculine Sake Essay Fashion provides one of the most ready means through which individuals can make expressive visual statements about their identities. (Bennett, 2005) Constructing Feminine Form for Masculine Sake. Does it make sense to say that sex is at the heart of identity today? The answer is surely yes, and more so than ever before. (Gauntlett, 2008). Introduction. Consider the cover of the December 2011 edition of FHM (Fig. 1). It portrays a constructed ideal of female attractiveness. Aimed at the male market it conveys the attributes of female form deemed attractive to men. Has this identity been constructed by women or imposed upon by men? Butler (1999) suggests ‘the female body is marked within masculinist discourse’ , and women have not had the freedom to create their own identity, ‘women with the ostensibly sexualized features of their bodies and, hence, a refusal to grant freedom and autonomy to women as it is purportedly enjoyed by men’ (Butler, 1999). Macdonald (1995) notes that this enforced construction is neither a new concept nor just present in magazines aimed at a male audience: The body has historically been much more integral to the formation of identity for women than for men. If women had defined for themselves the ideals of their bodily shape or decoration, this would not be problematic. It is the denial of this right in the western cultural representation, in medical practice and in the multi-billion dollar pornography, fashion and cosmetic industries, that has granted women only squatter’s rights to their own bodies. However for the purpose of this essay we will concentrate on the feminine identity constructed in men’s lifestyle magazines and identify from where this was created. Why we enjoy beauty. ‘It is suggested that what makes one thing beautiful and another less so is our psychological attraction, probably unconscious, to some quality in the former that is absent from the latter, combined of course with equally-implicit cultural biases.’ (Lakoff and Scherr, 1984) Considering this, it is hard to determine how a particular portrayal of the female form is universally attractive. However studying the following passage from Sigmund Freud’s study Civilization and its Discontents we can note the possibility that the images constructed of women in men’s magazines are not to portray beauty, but to invoke sexual feeling through lack of clothing and provocative poses: Psychoanalysis, unfortunately, has scarcely anything to say about beauty either. All that seems certain is its derivation from the field of sexual feeling. The love of beauty seems a perfect example of an impulse inhibited in its aim. ‘Beauty’ and ‘attraction’ are originally attributes of the sexual object. (Lakoff and Scherr, 1984) Another psychotherapist Lacan puts forward the idea ‘women are objects for men: men are objects for women: men are objects for men, and women are objects for women. Each of us can only ever be objects for another subject, however much we try. (Hill, 1997) With this in mind it can be said that all identity is constructed to receive the admiration of others, regardless of gender. (Gauntlett, 2008) states ‘sex as being at the core of identity’ further suggesting that male identity is constructed with the same intentions the female. Although ‘it has been women in particular who have been defined primarily in terms of their physical appearance’ (Negrin, 2008). The emergence of new men’s lifestyle magazines. It is interesting to note that men’s lifestyle magazines are not a new concept, neither has their content changed over time. The earliest attempt to launch a men’s lifestyle magazine in the UK was in 1935, it consisted of ‘heroic masculinity with style features and pictures of female nudes’. (Gill, 2007). The 1950’s saw the launch of Playboy, a lifestyle magazine aimed at an emerging class of men who enjoyed consumption as much as their female counterparts. The magazine ‘became the ‘bible’ for the men who dominated this class fraction; its individualistic, hedonistic, consumption-orientated ethic of personal gratification represented a rebellion against the ‘old’ figure of male as breadwinner and family provider and opened up a space of libidinous fun and lascivious consumption, albeit premised on troublingly sexualized and objectified representations of women. (Gill, 2007). The content of such magazines was not necessarily in place to objectify women but to protect the ‘new man’s’ masculinity. ‘Consumption for men was promoted in an atmosphere not threatened by suspicions of homosexuality’ (Gill, 2007) and said of Playboy ‘the breasts and bottoms were necessary not just to sell the magazine, but also to protect it’ (Ehrenreich, 1983.). If we look forward to the 80’s and 90’s we see a new generation of men’s magazines emerging, ‘constructed around an assumed white, working class aesthetic and sensibility, centred on football, (beer) drinking, and heterosexual sex. (Gill, 2007) In circulation terms, figures from 2006 show that over 370,000 copies of FHM are sold per month and almost 300,000 copies of Nuts per week. (Gauntlett, 2008). From this we can see the popularity of such publications and the importance of the portrayal of a new type of masculinity. Considering the content of these magazines; ‘numerous photo-shoots of semi-clothed and topless women appear in the UK magazines’ (Gauntlett, 2008), and speaking of the launch of Loaded ‘the sexual politics of the magazine were in place from the first issue, which featured photographs of Liz Hurley, a homage to hotel sex, porn channels etc., a ‘travel feature’ recounting cheap cocaine and cheap women, and the Miss Guyama bikini contest. (Gill, 2007). The magazines depict the rise of a new type of masculinity or the ‘new lad’, the figure of which ‘became embedded in advertising and popular culture- his multiple articulations in different spaces generating a sense of his solidity and ‘realness’, making him instantly recognizable as an embodiment of a type of masculinity’ (Gill, 2007). This new generation of ‘Lads Mags’ has often been attributed to two factors; firstly the ‘feminine backlash’ occurring in the 80’s. These new publications ‘constructed around knowingly misogynist and predatory attitudes to women, represents a refusal to acknowledge the changes in gender relations produced by feminism, and an attack on it. (Gill, 2007) served to reaffirm male dominance in the gender war and a refusal to change. They are considered by Whelehan ‘a direct challenge to feminism’s call for social transformation, by reaffirming – albeit ironically – the unchanging nature of gender relations and sexual roles.’ (Gill, 2007) Studying the content of these magazines in more depth there is an underlying theme where ‘’feminist’ becomes a pejorative word to label, dismiss and silence any woman who object to the lad mags’ ideology’ (Gill, 2007). Two examples of such; ‘an article concerned with the question of ‘how to get your girlfriend to come in your face’ (FHM, April 2000) any possible feedback is forestalled with the comment ‘now before I get any angry letters from feminists..I have asked women and they agree it can be an incredibly rewarding experience’. (Gill, 2007) and ‘a letter to FHM from a woman called Barbara who wished to object to the magazines portrayal of women as ‘weak, frail, ob edient, submissive and sexually available’ is dismissed as a ‘blundering rant’ from ‘Butch Babs’ (FHM, May 2000)’ (Gill, 2007.) Two prime examples of where the subject of feminism is dismissed before it has even been raised, suggesting the magazines know their content is anti-feminist, but either dispel the argument before it is raised or ridicule and patronise anybody that dares challenge their viewpoint. The second factor is again a backlash, this time on a type of masculinity, himself more aligned with the ideals of feminism, referred to as ‘The New Man’. (Gill, 2007). Trying to dispense with this, the ‘masculinity they constructed was regarded as true to men’s real selves, in contrast to the contrived image of the new man.’ (Gill, 2007.) As with the issue of feminism this form of masculinity was ridiculed and dismissed, leading the way for ‘laddish’ behaviour to be accepted. ‘New man was derided for his ‘miserable liberal guilt’ about sexual affairs and presented as insipid and unappealing. By contrast, new lad was presented as refreshingly uncomplicated in his unreserved appreciation of women’s bodies and heterosexual sex.’ (Gill, 2007) Are these the views of the average man? So we can deduce how these magazines and images within them came to be but where does this leave the average male? Are these depictions of woman the ‘ideal’ for men? ‘By men’s own admission, the playboy ideology has created conflicts both in men’s view of themselves and in their attitude towards women.’ (Lakoff and Scherr, 1984) Many men insist they do not subscribe to this scantily clad, temptress type identity as being their ideal. (Lakoff and Scherr, 1984) suggest what most men fantasize about is a woman they can connect with and that personality is more important than looks; ‘Many men spoke of movement, gracefulness, a direct look in the eyes, an aura of mystery, attributes which cannot quite be captured by a camera, as what they felt constituted female beauty.’ Their ‘observations seem to contradict what the media not only tell us men want but also what they propose women should look like.’ This seeming indifference to contrived images of female form could be the over production and readily available means to consume them. ‘we are so bombarded with visual images that men are taking refuge and looking for the real thing’ (Lakoff and Scherr, 1984) Also another factor is that as we are increasingly aware of artifice in the production of images it can cause the consumer to be disillusioned with them; ‘And its disappointing to find that the women, when interviewed, don’t sound that interesting really. And it’s disappointing because you see these gorgeous women who wouldn’t look twice at you, but then you remember that they probably look like people you know, really, and it’s the careful styling and makeup and photography that makes them so irresistible’ (Gauntlett, 2008) Where do women fit in? What we have to remember is there always a willing subject to construct identity upon. In this case, a women to present as the ideal to men. Whilst feminists may view the women featured in the magazines as ‘submissive, obedient and sexually available’, do the subjects themselves feel this is the case? Pre-feminist women were programmed to be as attractive as possible to their male counterparts. Anne Fogarty an extremely successful American fashion designer highlights the importance of dressing for men ‘when your husband’s eyes light up as he comes in at night, you’re in sad shape if its only because he smells dinner cooking’ (Fogarty, 1959). It is possible that even now women are still programmed by society to want to appear as attractive as possible to men. With the post-feminist shift in gender relations it is argued that women are now objectifying men in the same way that they have traditionally been; ‘looking at scantily-clad women was clearly quite wrong for a right-thinking man, but have started to change their views as time has moved on and gender relations have changed again (including the development of the new language in popular culture where women can treat men as disposable eye-candy too).’ (Gauntlett, 2008). This seems to have caused a sense of double standards when talking of the objectification of women; â€Å"I used to agree, and I mean I really did agree, with women who said that naked women in magazines was a bad thing. But now-a-days I can hardly remember what the argument was. Women can look at handsome men in films and magazines, and men can look at attractive womenit seems fair.† (Gaunlett, 2008) Another reason argued why women cultivate this identity is it can provide means to increase their economic and social standing; ‘denied access to power and status by legitimate means, they had to resort to using their looks as a means of furthering their aims.’ (Negrin, 2008). This was very true of the playboy era where working class women did not have the same opportunities for advancement as their male counterparts. Conclusion. So who is determining this supposed ideal of the female form? Psychoanalysis tells us we all respond to natural sexual urges and have the need to objectify other beings. Yet today’s men’s magazines were not primarily constructed to satisfy their sexual urges. The content was also put into place long ago, not to objectify women, but to protect masculinity from any suggestion of homosexuality. What better way to diminish these threats than by filling the pages with naked women? The tone of the ‘new generation’ of men’s magazines was constructed around a backlash to feminist principles and the emergence of the ‘sensitive, understanding man’. Again what better way to protect these new threats by objectifying women and distancing themselves to ‘new man’s’ ideals? As gender roles have shifted and the issue of equality is facing us, men do not feel that looking at women is a guilty pleasure, as women do it themselves towards men and are compensated for it by the advancement of their social and economic standing. It can be said that this construction of female identity truly is for masculine’s sake, not necessarily for their consumption and enjoyment, but to protect and cultivate the meaning and existence of masculinity, reminiscing of a time where men were secure in their place in society. Fig. 1. Bibliography. Halberstam, J. (1998) Female masculinity. 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(1995) Representing Women:Myths of Femininity in the popular media. London: Edward Arnold, p.192 221. Meyers, D. (2002) Gender in the Mirror. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.. Negrin, L. (2008) Appearance and identity: Fashioning the body in Postmodernity. Cowden: Palgarve Macmillan, p.33 52. Sturken, M. and Cartwright, L. (2001) Practices of looking: An Introduction to Visual Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press., p.72 108.