The Year Round Schooling System Essay - 700 Words

Year round schooling has been present since the early 1900’s. It first appeared in urban areas because they were not tied to the agricultural cycle. The first cities to implement this system were Chicago, Boston, Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, and Washington D.C. By 1975, Oregon, Wyoming, Montana, Ohio, South Carolina, North Carolina, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Louisiana, Texas, and Tennessee adopted YRS for at least one school, however Vermont dropped YRS. Many states and school systems at least attempted the year round system to determine if there were any clear advantages to year round schooling. Year round schooling is beneficial to business, teachers and administration, and students performance in school, however, there is a negative impact relating to costs, the rural perspective, and students’ after school activities and grades. One major point of this article was that the year round schooling system contributes to economic prosperity. Businesses find it easier to provide jobs for students on a year round basis instead of having to provide jobs for students only in the summer months. This schooling system also allows students to graduate at different times, allowing for a decrease in unemployment compared to students who graduate together and compete for a few open job spots at that time. Many teachers and administration are in favor of this type of schedule because it allows teacher to be able to raise their income by teaching days of class on their vacations.Show MoreRelatedThe Year Round Schooling System Essay947 Words   |  4 Pagesdrain.† There are several models of year-round schooling that would better serve all stakeholders in most communities across the nation. Position and Rationale American students do not need more time in school, but do need access to more rigorous, engaging instruction, as well as a calendar that removes the excessive break schedule (summers) and promotes healthy, regular breaks throughout the year, such as the single-track year-round schooling system. Year-round education includes the possibilityRead MoreGraduation Speech : Year Round Schooling1635 Words   |  7 PagesYear-Round Schooling The average school period is one hundred and eighty days with small breaks in between and a three-month break during summer to ease students’ minds and let them relax. The Board of Education should make all schools in the United States year-round to increase educational time and decrease the loss of knowledge over the breaks. It gives students the same time to relax and plan family vacations periodically throughout the year, but never creates the stress of changing sleep schedulesRead More Abstract Essay1683 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The topic of year round schooling is quite controversial and greatly misconceived by the public. Most school systems tend to steer clear of the idea due to lack of support and academic success. Year-round schooling is not for everyone. Benefits however, include downsizing of schools, the reduction of building construction, and the ability to effectively meet the demands of the community. Students and teachers are typically placed on a multi-track schedule instead of the general nineRead MoreYear Round Schooling: Should It Be Implemented? Essay932 Words   |  4 Pages One of the most talked about issues of schooling today, would be year round schooling. The program started as a new way to learn. The old way and still the way most schools calendar is set up was designed the way it is due to harvest times, when the United States was a farming country. There have been many studies done, and some schools have already implemented this program. The studies and the schools that have g one ahead and implemented the program have seen both good things and bad things inRead MoreThe Traditional School Calendar and The Introduction of a Year-Round Education1309 Words   |  6 PagesFor as long as most can remember, schooling has been based on a ten-month calendar. Although it was established for an agricultural society it is still extremely common in today’s urban society. The introduction of year-round education, though it clearly makes more sense for todays students, is still a relatively new concept and therefore is subject to a lot of speculation. With benefits such as, remediation, better chances for high-risk and ESL students, economic benefits, and more structure/stabilityRead MoreWhy We Should Have Year-Round Schooling771 Words   |  4 Pagesprevious year or why students tend to forget everything? Every year, students are keeping their calendars at hand and counting down the days until summer vacation. It’s the last day of school and when the f inal bell rings, kids are ready to do nothing for three months. However, is this really a good thing? The possibility of having year-round schools is at hot debate topic right now and it is time for change from traditional calendar schools. Schools should incorporate a system where schooling is year-roundRead MoreAdvantages of Going to a Year-Round School1531 Words   |  7 Pagesboxer22@hotmail.com ASSIGNMENT: A5 Title: Advantages of Going to a Year-Round School All primary and secondary schools in the United States need to change from the traditional schooling system to the newer educational system of a year-round schooling system. A traditional school system is one where students go to school for nine months out of the year and receive a three month summer vacation, whereas students in a year-round school system follow a cycle of forty-five days in classes followed by a fifteenRead MoreMaking a Case for Year-Round Schooling1446 Words   |  6 Pagescountry, communities created schooling schedules that were cohesive with the lifestyles and responsibilities of the student populations. In rural areas, schooling was structured around agricultural harvesting. Local school boards and superintendents gave students months off so that students could help their parents with harvesting crops and caring for the farm. Unlike their rural counterparts, in the mid-18oos, children in urban areas were subject to year- round schooling. Yet because education wasRead MoreEssay about Year-Round Schooling: A Push for the Better1020 Words   |  5 Pages INTRODUCTION Most schools in America today follow the traditional 180-day schooling system. This system was started in the 19th century when schooling for children began. There was a 10-week summer vacation for the students to help their families on the farm for harvesting. In March of 2009, President Barak Obama suggested to the public his Race to the Top program. The program is to extend the school hours or extend the school days. â€Å"We can no longer afford an academic calendar designedRead MoreWhy Year Round School Is More Harm Than Good978 Words   |  4 PagesIf school was all year round, I believe students would never look forward to school and would affect their learning. Therefore, in my opinion, I do not believe school should be year round. Why Year Round School Is More Harm Than Good Year round schooling is a topic that is emerging widely throughout the United States in this day and time. It is said that it is suppose to better the school systems and help students with their schoolwork. However, I think year round schooling could do more harm

Hamlet As A Tragic Hero - 850 Words

Has one ever wanted to revenge,something deeply important to them? Does one wonders if they would be perceived as a hero if they revenge? Well In the novel Hamlet the author, William Shakespeare creates tragic events where his main character Hamlet has to overcome to achieve his goal of killing his evil uncle Claudius. â€Å"In life one has to do bad thing in order to be a hero,the hero also has to make sacrifices in order to be successful† (John Barrowman). In Shakespeare Hamlet, should hamlet be considered a tragic hero judging by him following the hero steps. Shakespeare proves that Hamlet was a tragic hero because he went through three of the steps from meeting with a mentor,approach and the resurrection. The first step that Hamlet took was meeting with a mentor.The mentor that hamlet met was his father’s Ghost.The Ghost tells him that he has been murdered by Claudius Hamlet s uncle by poison. As of all mentor or an important figure in a hero’s life,they te ll the hero to do some task that will benefit them and save others. For Hamlet the ghost tells him he wants him to revenge his father’s death and make things right again in Denmark (Hamlet). Shakespeare made the character Hamlet accept the challenge and become a hero by trying to avenge his father s death. The Articlemyriad said that Hamlet is a tragic hero because he had the noblest motivation to punish his mentor’s killer for what they did to him (Nicole Smith). Hamlet tells the audience that he will do itShow MoreRelatedHamlet, A Tragic Hero1003 Words   |  5 Pagesmemorable tragic hero’s Hamlet is the definition of a tragic hero. In the book, Hamlet, Shakespeare’s character hamlet is determined on killing his uncle the king. This goal proves to be challenging to him due to his morals. He often struggles with this throughout the book. This proves to be his downfall for not deciding to kill the king until the very end. A tragic hero has to have a fata l flaw that, combined with fate, brings tragedy. This is one of the key characteristics of a tragic hero. He hadRead MoreHamlet As A Tragic Hero1071 Words   |  5 Pages Hamlet as a Tragic Hero The Webster dictionary defines tragedy as, â€Å"a serious drama typically describing a conflict between the protagonist and a superior force and having a sorrowful or disastrous conclusion that excites pity or terror.† (Webster Dictionary) So a tragic hero is a character who goes through a conflict and suffers catastrophically as a direct result of his choices. You will see throughout this story that the character Hamlet is a clear example of Shakespeare’s tragic hero. ShakespeareRead MoreHamlet : A Tragic Hero995 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet: A Tragic Hero William Shakespeare is known through the ages as a brilliant playwright. He has written several comedies and tragedies that people have loved through decades. Shakespeare’s plays have been interpreted in many different ways and have been debated on which interpretation is correct. Some of these included even the basis of the character’s persona. In the Shakespearean tragedy Hamlet, the main protagonist, Prince Hamlet, is fated by the ghost of his late father that, becauseRead MoreHamlet as a Tragic Hero2505 Words   |  11 Pagesterror. A tragic hero, therefore, is the character who experiences such a conflict and suffers catastrophically as a result of his choices and related actions. The character of Hamlet is a clear representation of Shakespeares tragic hero, as he possesses all the necessary characteristics of such a hero. Hamlet is seen as a tragic hero as he has doomed others because of a serious error in judgment, also Hamlet is responsible for his own fat e and Hamlet has been endowed with a tragic flaw. TheseRead MoreHamlet As A Tragic Hero1305 Words   |  6 Pages Sympathy is a feeling of sorrow, pity, or understanding of someone else’s misfortune. Hamlet, in this case, is the tragic hero due to many different sources that cause the reader to have an immense amount of sympathy for him. A series of events such as murder, failed relationships, and all the madness, created the feeling of sympathy from the audience. These specific sources cause the reader to see the development of the overall themes of deceit, justice, and revenge. Deceit is one of the mainRead MoreHamlet; Tragic Hero3618 Words   |  15 Pages Hamlet; The Tragic Hero            Ã‚  Ã‚      In many plays there is always one person that is the tragic hero. They always possess some type of tragic flaw that in turn leads to their tragic deaths. In the Shakespearean play Hamlet the main character Hamlet is considered to be a tragic hero. By carefully analyzing the Shakespearean play Hamlet one can debate whether the main character Hamlet is a tragic hero. Although it is debatable whether or not Hamlet is a tragic hero, one wouldRead MoreIs Hamlet A Tragic Hero Essay961 Words   |  4 PagesTo be, or not to be: a hero. That is the question often asked of William Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet: whether Hamlet II, Prince of Denmark, can be considered a hero. Throughout the play Hamlet proves himself to be a hero, although different from the usual sense of one. Hamlet is a tragic hero, â€Å"a great or virtuous character . . . who is destined for downfall, suffering, or defeat . . . who makes an error of judgment or has a fatal flaw tha t, combined with fate and external forces, brings on a tragedyRead MoreHamlet As The Tragic Hero Of The Play Hamlet 1314 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to better understand Hamlet one must first asses, and define man. According to webster dictionary a man is a male often having the qualities associated with bravery,script or toughness(site webster dictionary www.define a man.com here). We know the male figure is known to exhibit distinctive male traits such as strength, dignity, courage and be a provider and supporter. As seen in Hamlet one must understand the male figure to better understand Hamlet and why the male behave in such waysRead MoreHamlet: A Tragic Hero Essays697 Words   |  3 Pagestragedy of Hamlet, Shakespeare’s most popular and greatest tragedy, presents his genius as a playwright and includes many numbers of themes and literary techniques. In all tragedies, the main character, called a tragic hero, suffers and usually dies at the end. Prince Hamlet is a m odel example of a Shakespearean tragic hero. Every tragedy must have a tragic hero. A tragic hero must own many good traits, but has a flaw that ultimately leads to his downfall. If not for this tragic flaw, the hero would beRead More Hamlet: A Tragic Hero Essays873 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"A tragic flaw is an error or defect in the tragic hero that leads to his downfall.† (http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/literature/bedlit/glossary_t.htm) In the history of literature, if the question of who was the most indecisive character was brought up, Hamlet would be a prime candidate. Hamlet had numerous chances to reap revenge for his father’s death but was only able to follow through after the accidental murder of his mother. Hamlet’s inability to make a decision ultimately leads to his demise

Care Of Ald Patients Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(140) " it is besides used in many nursing schools, which demonstrates the relation between theory and pattern in nursing \( Roper et al 2000 \) \." In this assignment, I shall choose a patient from my arrangement, this will be backed with a principle for my chosen patient. This will besides do reference of the importance epidemiological information, within this I will show an apprehension of the aetiology of common long term conditions. I will exemplify the nursing model used and physical, psychological and societal appraisal of my selected patient. We will write a custom essay sample on Care Of Ald Patients Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In relation to the appraisal this will besides include the needed attention of patient being discussed. I have selected a patient from a South London Healthcare Trust. In order to keep confidentiality anonyms have been used to protect the patient ‘s individuality. The ( NMC ) emphasises that we as nurses, must esteem people ‘s rights to confidentiality CHECK ( 2008 ) . Mr B is 51-year-old adult male. He works as a bricklayer on a edifice site. He has two boies whom are aged 21and 25. He is separated from his married woman who is the biological female parent to his two boies, and now has a new spouse. His avocations are ; reading, socializing, and disbursement clip with his boies. Mr B is a really pleasant gentleman who enjoys his life, and makes the most out of it. Mr B admitted to gorging on intoxicant occasionaly. Mr B became dependent on intoxicant, and was diagnosed with alcoholic liver disease in 2006. After go toing many support groups, which helped him a great trade, he became clean and free of intoxicant dependence. Sadly, his Dendranthema grandifloruom lost her conflict to malignant neoplastic disease his Dendranthema grandifloruom. Intelligibly, Mr B found this difficult to cover with, and accordingly turned to alcohol as a header mechanism. Epidemiology I feel that alcoholic liver disease ( ALD ) is going progressively common in acute infirmary scenes, this may be due to the immense addition in orgy imbibing. Harmonizing to ( NHS Clinical Knowledge Summaries, intoxicant abuse in England is prevailing, 33 % of which are work forces, and 16 % of adult females, which may hold damaging affects to their wellness. ( EBP ) . I believe my chosen subject will assist both my hereafter practise and my ain apprehension of ( ALD ) . ( ALD ) is highly common in England. Approximately 90-100 % of people who drink the exceeded recommended bound have alcoholic fatty liver disease ( National Health Services Choices 2009 ) . These statistics single-handedly are highly high, which accordingly means that Mr B is immense hazard of roll uping ( ALD ) . It is known that every bit much 1 in 5 people who drink, will develop liver cirrhosis ( NHS Choices 2009 ) . Immediately this places Mr B at an unmeasurable hazard of roll uping liver cirrhosis, as he was chiefly admitted to hospital with inordinate ingestion of intoxicant. It has been found that work forces are more likely dice from liver disease, this may be because their intoxicant consumption is much greater than adult females. However, this demonstrates that Mr B ‘s hazard of mortality is going peculiarly refering. The mortality rate of alcoholic liver disease has risen by over two-thirds ( 69 % ) in the past 30 old ages, which makes intoxicant one of the most common cause of decease, together with high blood force per unit area, and smoke. This is a significantly high addition in the figure of deceases related to alcoholic liver disease. Subsequently, this contributes to many factors associating to Mr B ‘s alcoholic liver disease, it is evident that his mentality is highly hapless harmonizing to these statistics. Evidence has been found that there is a high prevalence in developing liver cirrhosis in people age 40 or over. Furthermore, as Mr B is over the age of 40, which indefinitely shows he is a high hazard of developing liver cirrhosis. As there is a high prevalence of grownups who consume intoxicant in ( U.K ) , every bit much 90 % ( REF ) . This entirely does non stand anybody in good position, allow entirely Mr B as he has a history of intoxicant abuse. There appears to be a immense spread in recognition of the day-to-day benchmark, and if people measure there alcohol units ( National Statistics 2006 ) . Mr B ‘s deficiency of instruction demonstrates that is unable to construe how much he is advised to imbibe, which may hold led to his inordinate imbibing. 1 in 16 people are admitted to hospital with intoxicant related unwellnesss ( ref2 ) It is known that greater intoxicant consumed, the higher hazard of unwellness, such as oesophageal malignant neoplastic disease, which increases significantly one time the intoxicant consumption exceeds more than 3 drinks per twenty-four hours ( NICE/Health Development Agency 2005 ) . Mr B ‘s old consumption of intoxicant indicates that may be a possible hazard to oesophageal malignant neoplastic disease. This presents a secondary hazard to him as he already has ( ALD ) . Q.1 Assessment Any intervention and care given must be given with the patient ‘s ain demands and penchants should be taken into history. A patient with an acute unwellness should be made cognizant that they have the right to do informed determinations about the attention that receive, together with their health care professionals. However, if a patient does non hold the mental capacity to do determinations themselves ( Department of Health 2001 ) . Nursing is to advance wellness, mending, growing and development, and to forestall disease, unwellness, hurt, and disablement. When a individual becomes sick or handicapped, nursing is guaranting that a individual ‘s hurt and agony is kept to a lower limit, and enable people to grok and to cover with their unwellness or disablement, its intervention and effects. When decease is foreseeable, the rule of nursing is to guarantee that the best quality of life is maintained until its terminal ( 2003 ) . An appraisal is a methodical, purposeful and synergistic procedure that strengthens every characteristic of nursing attention ( Heaven A ; Maguire 1996 ) . This is where a both nurse and patient indentify the patient ‘s demands and anxiousnesss, whereby individualized attention is given. Roper-Logan-Tierney theoretical account specifically for nursing is widely used in pattern throughout the United Kingdom, it is besides used in many nursing schools, which demonstrates the relation between theory and pattern in nursing ( Roper et al 2000 ) . You read "Care Of Ald Patients Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Although all 12 Activities of day-to-day life ( ADL ) are every bit of import when measuring a patient, I shall merely do reference of a few due to the limited sum of words. Mr B Obs Initially B ‘s external respiration was absolutely within normal scope. However, as his status deteriorated his external respiration was compromised. It was inevitable that he required O therapy, to assist help his external respiration. In order for his lungs to have sufficient sum of O ( o2 ) , it was of import he was sat vertical. His respiratory rate was 35 breaths per minute. The deepness was hapless, which was apparent due the fact of the attempt he used to take a breath in and out. Royal Marsden CHECK It is cardinal that patients observations are obtained on the initial appraisal or at the clip of their admittance, which will assist place any important alterations their observations. ( Nice 2007 ) . Elimination is another activity of day-to-day life, which I felt was compromised. Mr B had a urine catheter, to help him with go throughing piss, and so we could detect his end product closely. Fluid balance is critical when a patient is acutely ailing, it is of import that this is observed ( ref ) . Mr B was able to travel to the lavatory independently on admittance to infirmary. As he became acutely ailing, this became more of a battle, and he was unable to make this himself. I felt his self-respect was compromised due to his illness/condition deterioration. However, I managed to keep this to the best of my ability, esteeming his self-respect throughout my clip caring for him. The Nursing and Midwifery Council ( NMC ) emphasises that we as healthcare professional must handle people who we care for as persons and esteem their self-respect ( 2008 ) . This meant that he was unable to extinguish independently, which accordingly diminished his independency. In order for Mr B to recover his mobility, we had to chiefly handle his ( ALD ) , so he could so reconstruct this. Harmonizing to ( NMC ) It is critical that we support people in our attention, guaranting they care for themselves, in order to heighten and keep their wellness ( 2008 ) . I felt that Mr B ‘s mobility was another ( ADL ) which was doing a immense concern. As Mr B was in the acute stage of his ( ALD ) he became encephalopathy, which caused his mobility to diminish ( ref ) . His reduced mobility was holding a knock on consequence on his independency, doing him to go farther down and withdrawn. Mr B ‘s physical wellbeing was doing a immense concern. His hepatic brain disorder induced by the harm to his liver, which depleted his mobility. Hepatic brain disorder is a neuropsychiatric, whereby the liver has been harm due to inordinate imbibing. In hepatic encephalopathy ammonium hydroxide is non being converted into carbamide, which should usually be excreted by the kidneys, accordingly it so enters the systemic circulation ( Zimmaro A ; Sawchuk, 2004 ) . Ref med n surg Consequently to Mr B holding alcoholic liver disease, he had oesophageal varices. This is whereby a composite of Byzantine venas at the inferior terminal of the gorge, are enlarged and swollen as a consequence of the portal high blood pressure. If left untreated Mr B may be capable to an oesophageal or stomachic variceal rupture, which may do hypovolemic daze ( ref ) . HB As Mr B has portal high blood pressure, this means he is a high hazard of a Gastrointestinal bleed ( GI Bleed ) . A ( GI ) bleed is where portal high blood pressure occurs when there is an obstructor in the intra- or extrahepatic circulation ( REF ) . Psychologically I feel that Mr B ‘s physical demands were been depleted due to his chronic condition/illness. On admittance to infirmary, Mr B was highly malnourished, dehydrated and presented with self-neglect, which was provoked by his overly imbibing. Harmonizing to Maslow ( 1943 ) , these are all basic physiological demands. Mr B had late lost his Dendranthema grandifloruom to malignant neoplastic disease, which led to imbibing intoxicant overly. He felt he ne’er grieved decently, or spoke to anyone about his loss. I feel that this was a important contributing factor to his backsliding. Ref bereaves ) . Prior to his mourning he had been clean and free of intoxicant. Attending a support groups for alkies, such as alcoholic anon. may hold prevented his backsliding * ( REF ) . Consequently, this may hold helped him to get by with the loss of his Dendranthema grandifloruom, and assist beef up his ability to get the better of his alcoholic dependence. Mr B feels that he is socially excluded from society as he has been unable to work due to his illness/condition. As a nurse, it is cardinal that I help in back uping him, so he feels included in society, which may be done so by reffering him to an occupational healer. ( OT ) consume Whilst measuring Mr B, he disclosed that when he was turning up his pa consumed intoxicant overly. He feels that this had a immense impact on him, act uponing him follow his pa behaviour. It is known that if a people have parents ‘ who misuses intoxicant, so they have greater hazard of following these traits ( ref ) . Preventive steps will assist ease Mr B in act uponing his kids from following his drinking civilization. Socio-economic background may hold immense deduction in the execution of the effects of inordinate ingestion of intoxicant. I feel that this may be a immense barrier for Mr B to hold on the constructs of the damaging effects of intoxicant abuse. As a health care it is critical that I simplify the possible long term wellness effects of inordinate intoxicant comsumption. ( Ref ) Q3.Required attention At present, there is no national service model ( NSF ) for liver disease patients. The primary attention trusts view in liver patients, is that they are non a immense precedence. Specialists stressed that liver patients are being left out on National Health Service ( NHS ) financess, which means that they will be at greater hazard ( REFFFBBC ) . However, there is National Institute Clinical ( NICE ) Guidelines in topographic point in order to assist supply quality attention to those enduring with ( ALD ) . Shaw et al indentified an assessment tool for patients enduring with intoxicant backdown, which establishes the badness of their backdown, and what appropriate intervention is required ( 1981 ) . The assessment tool used is the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol Withdrawal ( CIWA-A ) , which is scored Mild-20.4, Moderate 24.2, and Severe 29. In regard to the appraisal tool, Mr B had a assortment of the typical backdown symptoms, which were ; shudders, sudating, hallucinating, and agitation, which meant he scored 20 gt ; .Nonetheless, this presented a important hazard, if left untreated may take to complications. Mr B was treated as per protocol, which is ; Librium is benzodiazepine minor tranquilizers drug, which is used for short-run anxiousness, and should non be used long-run ( bnf 2010 ) . Harmonizing ( NICE ) guidelines the protocol intervention for anxiousness is 10 mgs Three times daily ( TDS ) , and may increased if necessary to 60-100 mgs daily in divided doses. The dosing government is a fixed dosage, get downing on twenty-four hours one at 20-30milligrams ( MGS ) four times daily, twenty-four hours two 20-30mgs three times day-to-day, twenty-four hours two 20-30mgs twice daily, and twenty-four hours four 20-30mgs one at bedtime. There is besides a symptoms triggered dose as required ( PRN ) , this depends on the badness of the symptoms. Benzodiazepine acts on receptors in the cardinal nervous system ( CNS ) to originate the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) , which is a neurotransmitter. ( GABA ) receptors have at least two benzodiazepine receptors, which are named BZ and BZ2, when stimulated they enhance the repressive action by the ( GABA ) ( Alan et al. 2004 ) As Mr B ‘s brain disorder was impacting his degree of consciousness, it was significantly of import that we carried out his neurological observations. Neurological observations is whereby an appraisal and rating of an person ‘s unity and map of an person ‘s nervous system ( Rowley A ; Fielding 1991 ) .CHECK WEB His status has meant that he is temporarily paralyzed, doing his musculuss to weaken, decreasing his physical strength. As a consequence he may potentially necessitate physical therapy. ( ref ) Education can be An probe that may be done to discourage if there is any obstructor in the portal venous system is an angiography, which establishes the cause and site of obstructor. It is besides critical that Mr B has an endoscopy, which will uncover gastro-oesophageal varices. It is of import that Mr B ‘s haemoglobin is closely monitored, this will bespeak if there is any signifier of bleed or obstructor ( Miller et al 2006 ) . PHARM Ascitess is another clinical manifestation of hepatic cirrhosis. It is where serous fluid is repeatedly produced in the peritoneal cavity.. This is when an accretion of fluid in the abdominal pit enters quicker than it can be returned to the circulation by the capillaries and lymphatics. If this is left untreated, the accretion of fluid will compromise Mr B ‘s critical variety meats, doing it hard for them to map. One of the mechanisms of ascites is hypoalbuminemia, whereby the liver is unable to synthesise albumen. It is of import this fluid is drained from the abdominal pit. There are two interventions which are used to run out this extra fluid. One is, an anti-diuretic called spriolactone, which is a loop water pill. Ref bnf This is done so by the interpolation of an ascitic drain. ref Anderson et al defines that the disposal of whole blood or any of its constituents into the blood stream, to rectify or handle any clinical abnormalcies ( 1994 ) . Mr B was given Human Albumin Solution ( HAS ) transfusion to modulate is hypoalbuminemia. Harmonizing to the ( BNF ) 20-25 % of concentrated solution of ( HAS ) may be used to obtain a diuresis in hypoalbuminaemic, it is of import whilst a patient receives this plasma replacement, their unstable balance is closely monitored ( 2010 ) . FBC REF Patients with alcohol-related liver disease are frequently malnourished, which accordingly has disadvantageous effects in their endurance ( Mendenhall et al.1984 ) KEISER MODEL As intoxicant abuse is going a immense load on the national wellness service ( 2000 ) . NICE guidelines stated that when such patients present themselves to hospital, it is of import that they are referred to the appropriate health care professional, which will guarantee they receive equal support ( 2010 ) . On admittance Mr B was referred to the intoxicant specializer nurse ( ANS ) , who deal with the intervention, after attention, and followup. Mr become nutritionally depleted as a consequence of his intoxicant liver diease, it was indispensable that was introduced some signifier of nutrition. ( Lechtenberg A ; Warner ) states that Nutritional support must be offered, and see implementing a nasogastric tubing eating ( NG ) ( 1992 ) . KIASER MODEL The Kaiser theoretical account is to assist guarantee that there is a strategic and systemic attack towards those with ( LTC ‘s ) . It focuses in instance direction on the most vulnerable people with ( LTC ‘s ) . Mr B degree of attention is disease specific direction, which is ( flat 2 ) , this encompasses tracts and protocols. As mentioned earlier in the assignment there is presently no ( NSF ) for people with alcoholic liver disease. However, there are ( NICE ) guidelines to help in supplying attention for people with ( ALD ) . Mr B was populating independently prior to his admittance, with no input from multidisciplinary squad ( MDT ) . Planing the discharge on Mr B meant I had to look at the wider facets of his illness/condition. I feel that the execution of societal services would be highly benifical to Mr B. A referral to a liver nurse specializer I feel that Mr B would profit from a support group such as alkies anon. , which may assist diminish his hereafter admittances to infirmary. The Alcohol Needs Assessment Research Project ( ANARP ; Department of Health, 2005 ) identifies three classs of alcohol-use upsets. The clinical grounds reappraisal showed that benzodiazepines were more effectual than placebo for the bar of craze tremens and intoxicant backdown seizures26. The mean cost for handling patients with AAW across all trusts in England and Wales was estimated to be ?219 per in-patient day181. Acute intoxicant backdown hypertext transfer protocol: //www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Alcohol-Related-Problems.htm barr A. Drink: a societal history London 1998? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ref orford j. inordinate appetencies: psychological position of dependences 2nd edition chichester: wiley 2001 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Physiotherapy/Pages/How-does-it-work.aspx You must back up people in caring for themselves to better and keep their wellness Shaw JM, Kolesar GS, Sellers EM, Kaplan HL, Sandor P. Development of optimum intervention tactics for intoxicant backdown, I: appraisal and effectivity of supportive attention. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1981 ; 8:382-389. British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. British National Formulary. 58 erectile dysfunction. London: United kingdom: BMJ Group and RPS Publishing ; 2009. DO NOT REF BELOW hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.co.uk/books? id=q4qMwXJm4iwC A ; pg=PR13 A ; dq=Roper+N+etal+ ( 1996 ) +The+elements+of+nursing+a+model+for A ; hl=en A ; ei=BPYDTfPxJoyU4gbfwsWTCg A ; sa=X A ; oi=book_result A ; ct=result A ; resnum=1 A ; ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA # v=onepage A ; q A ; f=false Fatty liver disease is reversible. If you stop imbibing intoxicant for two hebdomads, your liver should return to normal. Alcoholic liver disease is widespread in England. It is estimated that: 90-100 % of heavy drinkers have alcoholic fatty liver disease oneA in fourA drinkers with fatty liver disease will develop alcoholic hepatitis one in five drinkers with fatty liver disease will develop cirrhosis A heavy drinker is person who on a regular basis exceeds the recommended hebdomadal bound for intoxicant ingestion. This isA 3-4A units of intoxicant a twenty-four hours for work forces, andA 2-3A units for adult females. Womans are more likely to develop alcoholic liver disease, but work forces are more likely to decease from it, perchance because work forces tend to be heavier drinkers. In 2008, there were 4,764 deceases in England and Wales due to alcoholic liver disease. Three-fourthss ofA these were work forces. Death ratesA linked to alcoholic liver disease have risen by over two-thirds ( 69 % ) A in the lastA 30 old ages. This makes alcohol one of the most common causes of decease, along with smoke and high blood force per unit area. Fatty liver disease and hepatitis can develop at any age. Cirrhosis normally develops in people aged 40 or over.A However, instances of cirrhosis have been reported in people of all ages, including adolescents. NHS Clinical Knowledge Summaries, intoxicant abuse. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cks.nhs.uk/patient_information_leaflet/Alcohol_misuse Aped hypertext transfer protocol: //www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp? ID=1027 A ; Pos=1 A ; ColRank=2 A ; Rank=1000 Roper N etal ( 1996 ) The elements of nursing a theoretical account for hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nmc-uk.org/Nurses-and-midwives/The-code/The-code-in-full/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/12995/48989/48989.pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/documents/digitalasset/dh_103161.pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2660977.stm Heaven C.M. A ; Maguire P. ( 1996 ) Training hospice nurses to arouse patient concerns. Journal of Advanced Nursing 23, 280AÂ ±286. International Council of Nursing ( 2007 ) www.ICN.ch/definition. Anderson, K.N. , Anderson, L.E. A ; Glanze, W.D. ( explosive detection systems ) ( 1994 ) Mosby ‘s medical, Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary, 4th edition. Mosby, St Louis, MO. Galbraith, A, Bullock, S, Manias, E, Hunt, B A ; Richards, A92004 ) Fundamentalss of Pharmacology, Second Edition, Essex, Pearson Education Limited hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/11810/35950/35950.pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/documents/digitalasset/dh_103653.pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/78569/001998.pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //qjmed.oxfordjournals.org/content/93/5/291.full Mendenhall CL, Anderson S, Garcia PP et Al. Short-run and long-run endurance in patients with alcoholic hepatitis treated with oxandrolone and Pediapred. New England Journal of Medicine. 1984 ; 311 ( 23 ) :1464-1470. Lechtenberg R, Worner TM. Entire ethanol ingestion as a ictus hazard factor in alkies. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 1992 ; 85 ( 2 ) :90-94 How to cite Care Of Ald Patients Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Auditing Theory and Practices Performing Analytical Procedure

Question: Discuss about the Auditing Theory and Practicesfor Performing Analytical Procedure. Answer: Assessing Inherent Risk and Performing Analytical Procedure While carrying out the audit procedure, the auditor must determine the inherent risk associated with various accounts. In assessing the level of inherent risk, the level of internal control must be analysed and the susceptibility of the financial statement to material misstatement are also analysed. The factors that can be analysed to assess the level of inherent risk are In the given situation the Posh Limited hired the new CEO during 2013 and the company experienced the growth rate in profit ranged to 6% during 2013 and 2015. As the board of directors were satisfied with the performance of the CEO, they offered him with cash bonus in every year if the growth exceeds 5%. The CEO was dedicated to increase the performance and planned to open 15 new stores. In the given case of Posh Limited, as the CEO was to get annual cash bonus if the profit exceed 5%, there is a likelihood that the CEO will try to manipulate the profit, so that he can get the cash bonus. This risk shall be analytically checked to remove the likelihood of risk as it is clear from the given financial results that the profit growth for 2016 is over 5%. (Barndt, Fuller Flynn, 2016). On the other hand, the analytical procedures are performed at the planning period to determine the timing, nature and extent of work that are required to be performed under the audit process. The analytical procedure includes the following: The interest coverage ratio of the company must be compared with the industrial average The debt to asset ratio of the company must be compared with the industrial average Comparing the growth percentage of profit of the client with the industry data Comparing the inventory turnover ratio of Posh Limited or the the similar data of prior period (Walsh, 2014). Control risk and relevant internal control for audit objectives Control risk is the risk of likelihood that the misstatement above the tolerance level will not be detected or prevented by the internet control system of the client. Generally, there are 4 phases for understanding the internal control and evaluating the control risk. In 1st phase the auditor gets an idea of internal controls. At next phase the auditor make a preliminary analysis of control risk and carry out control tests in every audit as part of the 3rd phase. The auditor utilises the results from the controls test for both the internal control and audit report over financial reporting and to analyze the control risk that is in phase 4 (Jiang Son 2015). The management generally has 3 bigger objectives while designing for an effective system of internal control. They are: Financial reporting reliability: the report of Posh limited must be prepared with the the regulations under the GAAP. The financial statement of the company do not include the write-down expense of inventory, therefore, they are not following the standards of GAAP. Effectiveness and efficiency of operations: as per the view of the chief accountant, the unrealised inventory is not required to recognize the loses from inventory. This will hamper the effectiveness and efficiency of the financial statements as well as the operations of the company. Compliance with regulations and laws: the chief accountant is the close friends of the CEO and he keeps him updated regarding the financial progress of the company and also discuss the crucial accounting issues with the CEO. This violates the regulations and compliance of the auditing standard (Zhao et al., 2016). In the given circumstances, if the loan raised for the expansion of Posh Limited, it can be seen from the given ratios that immediately after obtaining the loan during February 2016, the debt asset ratio of the company goes up to 62% that is higher than the prescribed limit of 60% and the interest coverage ratio fell to 9.6% that is lower than the prescribed requirement of 10%. However, when the full year is considered, it is identified that the both the ratios are as per the requirement. Therefore, it can be said that the companys internal control and risk control approach are in place. The inherent risks are associated with the structure or model of the organization like financial institutions and banks that have the inherent risk of cash robbery, misstatement that are handled at big volumes. These risks cannot be controlled owing to the fundamental structure of the organization. On the other hand, control risks are the risks that take place due to the implementation of internal control for minimizing the material misstatements. Managements of any business design their internal control to minimize the level of control risk and prevent the occurrence of material misstatement (Jans, Alles and Vasarhelyi, 2014). Inherent risk is the original risk level (probability x impact) before application of any treatment for mitigating risk. In the given case study of Posh limited, the record keeping system is in order except for the process of sales transaction. The transaction for sales are made at the end of each day and by that time the delivery are already made. Therefore, the sales transactions are susceptible to inherent risk as the sales transaction shall be processed at the time of delivery only. Further, as the inventory turnover ratios of the company are in continuously decreasing, there must be some control procedure for inventory to mitigate the inherent risk. The most crucial thing associated with the inventory is the proper documentation. The receipt of order must be signed at the time when it is received by the company. The personnel who is in charge of receiving the stock must check it fully and assure that every single item that is been ordered is delivered at accurate amount and exact condition. The incomplete order shall never be signed. Receiving is the 1st gateway for inventory and shall be properly controlled to assure proper internal control (Glover, Prawitt Drake, 2014). Substantive test procedures for the transactions to assess the monetary misstatements for determining whether the audit objectives related to accounting transaction have been satisfied for all the transactions or not. Substantive tests are carried out by Posh Limited to verify the accurateness of the clients accounting system. This is fulfilled by assessing the accounting system of the client. This is performed by going through the each individual transaction to analyze that whether they are recorded and summarized correctly in the journals, general ledgers or master files. The substantive tests procedures are also concerned with the transaction classes like cash receipts, acquisitions and payroll. Tracking the amounts from the voucher file for acquisition of journal is an instance for the substantive test procedure of the transactions (DeFond Lennox, 2016). One test that can be carried out to control the mentioned accounts of Posh Limited is dual-purpose test. As the substantive test as well as the control test both includes the inspection of the documents for each transaction, they are usually performed simultaneously. Though various tests are performed, it is crucial to be specific for the aim of the specific procedure. The Dual-purpose test specifically define regarding which tests are to be included as they are planned specifically to deliver direct evidence of substantive as well as control matters (PricewaterhouseCoopers Everson, 2013). Reference: Barndt, R. J., Fuller, L. R., Flynn, K. E. (2016). Teaching Inherent Risk and Tolerable Misstatement in Auditing: A Modified Delphi Method as a Teaching Tool. InAdvances in Accounting Education: Teaching and Curriculum Innovations(pp. 125-140). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. (Lecture 4) DeFond, M. L., Lennox, C. S. (2016). Do PCAOB Inspections Improve the Quality of Internal Control Audits?.Journal of Accounting Research. (Lecture 7) Glover, S. M., Prawitt, D. F., Drake, M. S. (2014). Between a Rock and a Hard Place: A Path Forward for Using Substantive Analytical Procedures in Auditing Large PL Accounts: Commentary and Analysis.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(3), 161-179. (Lecture 6) Jans, M., Alles, M.G. and Vasarhelyi, M.A., 2014. A field study on the use of process mining of event logs as an analytical procedure in auditing.The Accounting Review,89(5), pp.1751-1773. (Lecture 6) Jiang, W., Son, M. (2015). Do Audit Fees Reflect Risk Premiums for Control Risk?.Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance,30(3), 318-340. (Lecture 5) PricewaterhouseCoopers (Firme), Everson, M. E. (2013).Internal control: Integrated framework. Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. (Lecture 7) Walsh, A. (2014). Normative causation and inherent risk in the medical negligence context:'Paul v Cooke'[2013] NSWCA 311.Precedent (Sydney, NSW), (121), 51. (Lecture 4) Zhao, M., Cooney, M. T., Klipstein-Grobusch, K., Vaartjes, I., De Bacquer, D., De Sutter, J., ... AlFaleh, H. (2016). Simplifying the audit of risk factor recording and control: A report from an international study in 11 countries.European journal of preventive cardiology,23(11), 1202-1210. (Lecture 5)

NAME KANYAI RUTENDO S Essays - Safety, Safety Engineering

NAME KANYAI RUTENDO S REG. NUMBER R121166A PROGRAMME HAD COURSE AD222 LECTURER MR TADERERA T/A MR TINARWO QUESTION D iscuss the utility of the International Labour Organization's Occupational Health and Management System. TUTORIAL GROUP TUESDAY (9-10am) Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is a discipline dealing with the prevention of work related injuries and diseases, and the protection and promotion of the health of workers. It aims at the improvement of working conditions and environment. It is an area concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work of employment. The goals of occupational safety and health programs include fostering a sa fe and healthy work environment. OSH may also protect co-workers, family members, employers, customers, and many others who might be affected by the workplace environment. In the United States the term occupational health a nd safety includes safety for activities outside of work . The International Labour Organization (ILO) formulated an Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OHS-MS) to facilitate the formulation, implementation and evaluation of interventions at a national policy, sector and organizational level in all countries. As the discussion here is going highlight, the significance of OSH-MS is brought out or displayed through the ILO guidelines which include po licy, organizing, planning and i mplementati on, evaluation, and action for i mprovement . These provide guidance for implementation at two lev e ls which are the organizational and national level. The ILO-OSH 2001 was developed to provide a unique international model, compatible with other management system standards and guides, towards promoting occupational health and safety (ILO, 2011; 2010). In the ILO document ILO-OSH 2001, Guidelines on Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems, the basic components of this system include po licy, organizing, planning and i mplementation, evaluation, and acti on for improvement. Policy contains the elemen ts of OSH policy and worker p art icipation. It is the basis of the OSH-MS as it sets the direction for the organization to follow .The employer, in consultation with workers and their representatives, should set out in writing an OSH policy, which should be specific to the organization and appropriate to its size and the nature of its activities (ILO, 2010). The OSH policy should include principles and objectives to which the organization is committed and these may include protecting the safety and health of all members of the organization by preventing work-related injuries, ill health, diseases and incidents. It should comply with relevant OSH national laws and regulations for example the Labour Act Chapter 28.01, voluntary programmes, collective agreements on OSH and other requirements to which the organization subscribes, ensuring that workers and their representatives are consulted and encouraged to participate actively in all elements of the OSH-MS and continually improving the performance of the OSH-MS. However it can be noted that very few organisations have a policy dealing with OSH-MS. In the wood sector in Zimbabwe there are no clear policies with safety and health issues. Wood workers seem not to be covered by appropriate national safety and health standards and managers are not taking keen account of the risks linked with wood processing. Worker participation is an essential element of the OSH-MS in the organization. The employer should ensure that workers and their safety and health representatives are consulted, informed and trained on all aspects of OSH, including emergency arrangements, associated with their work (Alli, 2001; ILO, 2010). Arrangements should be made by the employer for workers and their safety and health representatives to have the time and resources to participate actively in the processes of organizing, planning and implementation , evaluation and action for the improvement of the OSH-MS. It must be noted that e mployees spend most of their waking hours at work and they have a unique knowledge of work processes, which is essential in identifying hazards at work therefore are more likely to follow and abide with safety requirements if they participate in the processes of risk assessment and risk control . Worker participation is enhanced through the establishment of health committees for example the establishment of a standing committee of Safety Health and Environment (the SHE committee) by the Chamber of Mines of Zimbabwe. This committee 's mandate

The Role of a Writing Coach

The Role of a Writing Coach The Role of a Writing Coach The Role of a Writing Coach By Mark Nichol Do you have a desire to write, but perhaps you find yourself frustrated by an inability to develop or organize your writing, or perhaps you’re getting bogged down in the process? Maybe a writing coach can help you. This post discusses what a writing coach can do for you. What is a writing coach? He or she does not necessarily edit your work, though the writing coach may also be an editor (and/or a writer) by trade. He or she is not a ghostwriter. A writing coach is a guide, and in most other endeavors, the best point in a journey to hire a guide is at or near the beginning, although you’re likely to benefit from a writing coach’s assistance starting at any stage of the writing process. The relationship between a writing coach and a writer generally begins with a face-to-face or phone interview in which the writing coach asks the writer about the project, what the writer hopes to accomplish with it, and what’s holding the writer back. A writing coach then helps the writer organize his or her project, determine a schedule, and select a completion date as a goal. The writing coach discusses the stages of a writing project, including an initial outline, preliminary research, a revised outline, more extensive research (and, if necessary, interviews), another revised outline, and various drafts, followed by the editorial process (developmental or substantive editing, copyediting, and proofreading). A writing coach helps the writer develop a clear and compelling premise or plot, determine a tone, style, and voice based on the intended audience, and produce a coherent, captivating narrative, whether fiction or nonfiction. A writing coach can help a professional share expertise, a business owner sell a product, an academic report on research, or a student complete an application or course essay. He or she will benefit poets, short story writers, and novelists, as well as authors of nonfiction works, including articles, reports, and book manuscripts. A writing coach helps elicit the writer’s experience and expertise, guides the writer to develop a creative, productive spatial and temporal environment, and trains the writer to craft effective prose. He or she helps the writer find the heart of the content, what works and what needs work, how to carry out research and conduct interviews, and how to frame and organize the material (and what to include and what to leave out). A writing coach helps the writer focus, provides an objective perspective, and guides and encourages. A writing coach is like a personal trainer for a writer. A writing coach is a mentor. Writing coaches are likely to charge writers more per hour for their services, but their role is ultimately less costly than that of a developmental editor or copy editor, or even a proofreader. A writer may consult with a writing coach for only a few hours in all, but even if this stage in the writing process takes longer, it is probably well worth the expense you’re virtually guaranteed to benefit from the relationship, and to get that much closer to completion of the project and eventual publication. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†A While vs AwhilePersonification vs. Anthropomorphism

The European Union Mechanism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The European Union Mechanism - Essay Example The policies developed at the European Union are developed by a complex structure incorporated in the European Union mechanism. Among the main goals and objectives of the European Union when it was first instituted was focused on economic stability and growth. In summary, the European Union’s concept was founded on three crucial economic theories. The three economic theories are; the free market, comparative advantage and economies of scale. Although the European Union is attributed to many economical responsibilities within its member states, it has also faced numerous social and economic challenges that continue to emerge from the member states. For instance, the high rate of unemployment in some of its member states has raised eyebrows on the equal and genuine contribution of the European Union among the numerous member states. Although the businesses in the European Union member states have been recording high profit margins, the same cannot be said of the GDP whose growth has been slow. Federalism approach   In order to comprehend and understand as why dialogue among the European Union member states sensitive policies is not taking place, one has to check at the various phases of the European Union integration operation. ...The federalist approach is regarded as the strategy of achieving a common purpose. The current European federalism idea traces its roots to the unclear vision of a United Europe. This ambiguity vision had two perspectives. In the first perspective integration was regarded as a federal project as well as an institution that responded to particular issues that faced Europe in its post-war period. The second perspective was comprised of European integration that comprised of a combination of federal elements that lowered and confederal elements that solidifies the national sovereignty. In Europe, the federal project is undermined by the emphasis on institutional establishment as well as the neglect to participate in active and cre ative support of the citizens in the European Union. The recent constitutional of European Union in 2005, the divisions that sit deep in the Union and the multilevel governance theories are regarded as signs of federalism. Proponents of the treaty advocated for the European Federation while opponents of the treaty were rooted to the idea of confederation of Europe that is established member states that are sovereign. The shift from treaty federalism to constitution federalism according to Ward is bound to give rise to resistance and heated debate over the precise intension and objective of European integration. After a downfall of constitutional treaty, the Lisbon treaty was negotiated which reflected the older model version of treaty federalism.

RFID in Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

RFID in Business - Research Paper Example This research paper seeks to investigate and explore RFID and its application in business field. The first section of the essay seeks to illustrate and describe RFID. This will be helpful in presenting constructive and significant insight for the reader regarding the introduction and background of RFID. Other sections of the essay offer comprehensive review and analysis concerning the advantages of RFID technology in business field. The usage of RFID is traced back in the early twentieth century when Leon Theremin invented an espionage tool for the Soviet Union. This device was a passive secret listening device and is considered to be the forerunner of RFID technology (Landt, 8). The roots of radio frequency identification technology can be tracked back to World War II where the usage of radar was common in order to warn of forthcoming planes. An IFF transponder was developed in Britain which also utilized RFID technology in order to identify unidentified aircrafts. Advancements in radar and RD communication systems persisted throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Mario W. Cardullo claims to be the first person who had received a patent for RFID tag with rewritable memory in 1973. In the same year, Charles Walton obtained a patent for a passive transponder which was used to open a door without using a key (Landt, 9). Los Alamos National Laboratory had also worked on RFID systems in the 1970s. A group of scientists has developed RFID transponder embedded in a truck which was used to identify the driver. This system gained popularity in the 1980s and was installed in entire transportation network. Los Alamos also introduced the passive RFID tags to track cows. IBM engineers had developed RFID system in 1990s and had sold its patents to Intermec which has applied it in several different applications ranging from warehouse tracking to farming. The concept of low cost RFID tags on all products was experimented in late

Managerial Economics Week 12 Individual Work Assignment

Managerial Economics Week 12 Individual Work - Assignment Example Incorporating secondary and intangible benefits and costs is an important analytical tool that can help project managers to account for the value added that arises from outside the project. The employment assumption in Detroit area regarding the benefits of the project is that the project will create more job opportunities for people. There is a positive relationship between employment rates in the region and the redevelopment project. There will increased income for resident of the area due to the project Without incorporating benefits in calculating the Benefit-cost ratio, the BCR equals discounted incremental costs. The project would be very costly to implement hence would not be desirable to conduct. The assumption is that the facility will lead to increased revenues from hotels and other conventional facilities. The assumption is realistic since the hotels would accommodate customers. Good customer services and accommodation are some of the core areas of the hotel facility that will generate revenues in addition to creating employment opportunities for people. Hotels generate Revenue from room rentals, food and beverage sales. Improving customer services, adding new revenue source and branding the hotel are some of the strategies that allow hotels to generate high levels of revenues (Rosehill, 2014). The desirability of the project slightly decreases even though the BCR value is less than 1. Reducing benefits from hotel facilities and excluding employment benefits makes the project less desirable for

Group Formation And Group Roles

Group Formation And Group Roles Which work is better, a group work or an individual work. There is no answer to this question as it has many facets. Our main focus during the group assignment was to analyze the organizational structure; culture and management and leadership style. In this essay, I have analyzed and evaluated the one aspect during the group work, its approaches and its relevant theories. I have highlighted my aim and justification of the performance by illustrating the group formation: identifying both the aspect positive as well as negative. I have interrelated my experience with the theories and also focused on how group roles played an important role during the group assignment. This essay is divided into four parts but interlinked parts. The first part includes Group Formation and Group Roles: development and its related issues. The second part focuses on the approaches to the group roles. The third part focuses on the identifying the effects when a similar situation happens in the organization. The final part focuses on diagnosing or suggesting the various group role models. Conclusion is also included in the end. 2.0 GROUP FORMATION AND GROUP ROLES An individuals performance enlighten into an optimum group. It is a reflection of what I have written in my personal diary and also, from the recording of the meeting. The group passes through five clearly defined stages of development, which they labeled as forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning (Tuckman, 1965; Tuckman and Jensen, 1977) 2.1 FORMING In my viewpoint, forming a group before doing a task is an important issue. Our Group can be called FORMAL group, which was deliberately created to complete the project. Initially, I was feeling uncomfortable with the group because our ideas and way of thinking were not alike. It was formed because we were sitting next to each other. I thought to form a group with people who have opinions about the subject and had been always outspoken. In our group, four members were from same nationality and one from other nationality. All the members from the same nationality were from different corners of the country. I believe point of doing an assignment is not only going along with group but also to work on something, which is unknown to you. This is the reason we decided to have diversification in the group. Diversification is important because we get to know about the working environment of the other nationalities. It was also a test of adaptability. In the group, I think important role is of a Leader but no one emerged as a leader within the group because everyone wants to work on of its own in their comfortable space. 2.2 STORMING On our first group meeting, we had a conversation about the selection of organization. We had storming two-hour session and were discussing to either select the organization that has a worldwide reach or to select a national organization. I was favoring to have a national organization because it will be gives us an advantage since we dont have much experience person in the group. At the end of the session, we decided to take a national organization for various reasons. Group meeting left us with various questions: 1) Which kind of organization should be taken? 2) How can we benefit our project? 3) From where and how can we collect data? 4) Evaluation of the organization? After the meeting, it was decided that everyone has to come up with one organization and have to work on the questions above within a week. I think two members didnt like the way the process was going on. While coming from the meeting, they told me to focus on Something Concrete and they were feeling shy to give out the opinions. I asked them to write everything in an email and send it to everyone in the group. 2.3 NORMING Norming is a period where we should trust each other and try to develop an atmosphere where everyone can work. Initially, I was unhappy with group but after our first meeting, I felt little relaxed that some members were responding and giving out the opinions. The member whom I suggested to give out the mails didnt send any e-mail neither they came with any organization and its working in the second meeting. So, the other three members gave out their suggestion and their respective organization. The member from the other nationality gave out the best suggestion and was decided to choose it as a topic. When we were dividing out the sections of the outline, members including myself showed some anger and irritation. Due to domination by one member, no one was able to choose theirs respective topics and roles. My role to become the leader of the group was not accepted by the other member. The other member wanted no one to become the leader in the group. I believe everybody has an intention to become the leader. Since, there was no leader. Everybody chose their role in a way that even they were not even aware of the responsibilities with the role. The main motive of the group is to able to present the best work you can do as group and also not letting the other group members down. This thing actually calmed me down and then, decided to work on some other aspect of the organization. Altercation happened between other members as well for the same reason. Nobody was willing to get out of his comfortable zone. We also decided to communicate with each other regularly, because it has been seen that group who are not performing well is a lack of communication and knowledge but it doesnt come off. 2.4 PERFORMING This is the crucial point of the group, which test the ability and consensus within the group. After working for more than 2 weeks and giving out suggestion through meetings and emails, no one including myself had completed the work. From the initial period of the group formation till the time of performing, we had lot of contradiction within the group and were not getting along but motivation to give the best project always had given us to move forward and also to perform. During our group performance, I think sections in the outline were not properly drawn as the data that was collected was colliding with each others work. My part was to work on the organization structure. It was very lengthy but with help of other members I was able to finish it in time. Sometimes, when I had any problem with the structure, my other members were willing to help me. Even at end of the project, I believe delegation of work was not done properly. If it had been, then we could have made a better proje ct. 2.5 ADJOURNING Anxiety and excitement didnt allow me to sleep for two nights before submission. I feel that I have given out my best in this project. After the completion of the project and reading the project again gave me a sense that anyhow work can be done. After submitting the assignment, everybody in the group shook hands with each other and also celebrated for the submission. During the project, I made new relationship with members and also, decided to take one of the members for the next group assignment (International Banking). Our group had achieved the goals what we decided in the initial stage and thus, was the time to adjourn the group. We regularly faced the problem at several times. As a member of the group, we regularly faced the problem at different times. There was a cycle of storming, norming and performing at every stage. 3.0 APPROACHES TO GROUP ROLES This part of the essay, firstly I would like to write about the problems that I have faced while working with group. Secondly, how I could have made it better or will be acting on the similar situations in the future. The experience I had and the problem I faced will be an advantage in my future assignments, as it will give me a better understanding of the roles. We have followed the model of Benne and Sheats (1948) to achieve our goals. The role that we have mutually delegated to every member was different. Firstly, Information-Giver is a person who finds out all the relevant information before moving forward. Also, clarifies the problem if there is something missing or unclear. In our second meeting, we decided to assign one member to gather all the information. He provided us with the primary data but he did not make clarifications on some issues. He gave us the overview of the organization but was never able to provide with the insights of the organization. So, everyone in the group has to their relative research about their work, which gave us conflict between our works. Secondly, we decided to communicate and work at all times. Whenever I was asked to give out Opinions on any subject, I was willing to do that. Sometimes, even I cannot suggest something on some issues until and unless I have the proper evidence to support it. I asked for the help if I am in a problem or not able to understand, members willingly helped me. I would say everyone in a group was an opinion giver. Sometimes, opinions and suggestion are followed by the egos and domination. Since, our group was a leaderless group. Everybody in the group wanted to dominate the group. At some point, I felt the same but I have realized that giving out opinions doesnt mean that the person can lead the group until and unless has the characteristics of the leaders. Thirdly, for the conclusion of the topic, we assigned one of the members as an Evaluate-critic. As he was given the authority to look after the each part of the topic and critically analyze and write down the conclusion accordingly. He started criticizing the points that we have written also belittling us. After the submission of the assignment, he was boasting himself and was trying to take credit from other members. If I had been in the same position, I would never try to take the credit of the people and would also appreciate the work of others. Fourthly, the main problem we faced during our group was that one of member possesses the traits of the Dominator. From the beginning till adjourning of the group, the member was trying to show him as a leader but a leader is different from dominator. He was forcing everyone in the group to do the work accordingly and roles that he has assigned but a leader gives liberty to the other members to work according to their characteristics. Conflict mounted due to this issue in the group. This instance gave me an experience that there is a little difference between a leader and a dominator. There is always an advantage to have a leader over dominator in the group. 4.0 EFFECTS OF GROUP ROLES IN AN ORGANISATION In this section, I would like to evaluate the Benne and Sheats (1948) Group roles theory into an organization taking my personal experience into consideration. I will consider the similar situation in an organization in terms of Group Formation and Group Roles. Benne and Sheats(1948) encouraged Social role and Beblin (1996) encouraged Team Role, t he two most common frames of reference on group roles which have been suggested below:- In my perspective, Team role should be considered within an organization. Individual work is different from teamwork but from my perception and perspective of an organization, Team role can lead to a better understanding between the members of the group. As I have experienced, Belbin (1981,1993,1996) argues the Benne and Sheats (1948) Functional Role Theory by stating that firstly, people in organization are selected on the basis of experience or ability, not on the basis of personal characteristics. Secondly, it also limits the likelihood that they will be successful in other roles. The performance of any organization can be impeded by various problems. Firstly, I would like talk about Maslows (1954) hierarchy of needs. Self-esteem in Hierarchy has been described as achievement and respect for each other that can be obtained by providing appropriate Group role to the person. Once the person is satisfied with what he is doing and it is going with his personality, he will perform better. I can relate the self-esteem with the problem we had in our group .If everyone was given their part according to their characteristic, and then we could have worked produced better result. Secondly, the flow of opinion should be made clearly without any egos and attitude. Knowledge Sharing can lead to the better work. Knowledge sharing always gives a better working environment and also, a competitive work. (Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995; Nonaka and Kanno, 1998; Grant, 2005). This similar situation happened in our group, opinions were given to help each other but egos and attitude always followed and power to dominate. Knowledge sharing should be made without any hesitation and greed. Thirdly, I would like to Benne and Sheats (1948) model as the most of the positive aspect such as evaluator-critic can be transformed into Recognition Seeker (Dysfunctional) if evaluator-critic is given importance. As I mentioned above, Evaluator-critic was trying to get recognition as an individual. If the similar situations happens in the organization, this might result into a havoc because every individual is working for the organization ,not for the individual recognition. This will create disharmony in the group, which will reflect for the organization. I would like to suggest on the basis of the group role that in organization Belbin(1996) nine team role should be followed to achieve the goal and every member should be chosen in terms of their characteristics. This will increase the productivity as well as the level of healthy competition within the organization. This is how an organization can be benefited from the Group roles. 5.0 DIAGNOSIS OF GROUP ROLES APPROACH I have already argued and suggested that organization needs a proper set of roles, which can be provided to the employee and employer for the betterment of the organization. I have argued that sometimes, Task role and Maintenance role theory of Benne and Sheats (1948) transform into the Individual roles, which are self-centered and personal motives, arises. There are many concepts of Group such as Benne and Sheats(1948), Bales(1950) but most popular in modern days is Beblin(1996). The table below shows the group roles suggest by Beblin(1996). The theory above shows coherent relationship with the organization group roles. This will not only increase the performance of the organization, also the interaction between and within the groups. This can work for the big organization but with smaller group of 9-10 people. However, there are no theories without criticism. Beblins theory has been criticized by the Aitor Aritzeta et. Al (2007). Firstly, he argued that team success cannot be measured with this theory and hard to recognize that all the nine roles have been opted. Secondly, the theory takes excessive psychological perspective on role. Thirdly, the theory is unable to differentiate between different types of tasks. David Butcher and Catherine Bailey (2000) argued that Dream Team, where all member are committed to one work, and all the members are present at decision -taking time. They felt this is impractical and undesirable. 6.0 CONCLUSION I have considered many issues and explained it in terms of approaches, effects in organization and also, suggested the better way to assign the group roles. However, during my group work, I have taken the Benne and Sheats(1948) Theory which resulted in a average performance but If I would have used Beblin(1996) theory for the group roles in my group, then we could have performed better. Although, every theory has a criticism and flaws but this can be suggested that organization of today world uses Beblin Theory for group roles. I would also like to conclude that problems would never be reflected on any other assignments. The key lesson learned from this assignment that people should be judged by their characteristics and assigning the roles accordingly. It is necessary to move forward as described by Tuckman and Jensen(1965) to achieve the goals.

My Life with Thoreau Essay example -- How Education Has Changed My Life

It was my high school teacher, Anna Shaughnessy, who introduced me to Henry David Thoreau. His Walden was not part of the course of study. She asked whether I knew of this Massachusetts writer. I didn't. Without scaring me off by proclaiming how great he was, she said he had lived and died in obscurity. But not like some romantic poet in a dusty garret. He had done all kinds of work for a living-been a schoolteacher, surveyor, pencil-maker, gardener, carpenter, mason, lecturer, naturalist, as well as keeper of a personal journal into which he wrote two million words. "Thoreau was born in 1817, about a hundred years before you," Miss Shaughnessey said. "But I think, when you read him, you'll find his ideas, his way of looking at life, will mean as much to you as if he were born yeste...

C Language: Question Bank

Material from Interview Mantra. Subscribe to free updates via email. Material from Interview Mantra. Subscribe to free updates via email. Favourite 50 – C Interview Question Bank for freshers and experienced IT programmers Written by Madhulika Reddy and Dhoka Ratan. Edited and Published by Sridhar Jammalamadaka Get the latest updates and news on topics Career and Education from Interview Mantra – Subscribe to Interview Mantra for free. ABOUT THIS BOOK This book comprises of Interview Questions and Answers collected from the famous career advice blog www. InterviewMantra. et The aim of this book is to help freshers and experienced programmers to quickly brush up the basic concepts of C language. This book can be used as a quick study guide before attending a job interview which requires knowledge of C programming language. The questions that appear in this book are few of the most frequently asked questions in IT Job interviews in top MNC companies. All the questions hav e been neatly answered and have been supported with example code wherever applicable. A lot of effort has been put into this book to make the answers as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The authors and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the programs accompanying it. Please send your feedback to us via email to [email  protected] net COPYRIGHT INFO C language – Interview Question Bank by Sridhar Jammalamadaka is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2. 5 India License. Based on a work at www. interviewmantra. net. In simple words, you may use this work for commercial purposes, remix the work, reproduce it by any means, provided ou keep a link to http://www. interviewmantra. net and attribute the work to the owner – Sridhar Jammalamadaka. CONTENTS AT A GLANCE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Chapter Name pg-no Variables & Control Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Operators, Constants & Structures . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Pointers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Material from Interview Mantra. Subscribe to free updates via email. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: Variables & Control Flow 1. What is the difference between declaring a variable and defining a variable? 2. What is a static variable? 3. What is a register variable? 4. Where is an auto variable stored? 5. What is scope & storage allocation of extern and global variables? 6. What is scope & storage allocation of register, static and local variables? 7. What are storage memory, default value, scope and life of Automatic and Register storage class? 8. What are storage memory, default value, scope and life of Static and External storage class? 9. What is the difference between ‘break' and ‘continue' statements? 0. What is the difference between ‘for' and ‘while' loops? CHAPTER 2: Operators, Constants & Structures 1. Which bitwise operator is suitable for checking whether a particular bit is ON or OFF? 2. Which bitwise operator is suitable for turning OFF a particular bit in a number? 3. What is equivalent of multiplying an unsigned int by 2: left shif t of number by 1 or right shift of number by 1? 4. What is an Enumeration Constant? 5. What is a structure? 6. What are the differences between a structure and a union? 7. What are the advantages of unions? 8. How can typedef be to define a type of structure? 9. Write a program that returns 3 numbers from a function using a structure. 10. In code snippet below: struct Date { int yr; int day; int month; } date1,date2; date1. yr = 2004; date1. day = 4; date1. month = 12; Write a function that assigns values to date2. Arguments to the function must be pointers to the structure, Date and integer variables date, month, year. Material from Interview Mantra. Subscribe to free updates via email. CHAPTER 3: Functions 1. What is the purpose of main() function? 2. Explain command line arguments of main function? 3. What are header files? Are functions declared or defined in header files ? 4. What are the differences between formal arguments and actual arguments of a function? 5. What is pass by value in functions? 6. What is pass by reference in functions? 7. What are the differences between getchar() and scanf() functions for reading strings? 8. Out of the functions fgets() and gets(), which one is safer to use and why? 9. What is the difference between the functions strdup() and strcpy()? CHAPTER 4: Pointers 1. What is a pointer in C? 2. What are the advantages of using pointers? 3. What are the differences between malloc() and calloc()? 4. How to use realloc() to dynamically increase size of an already allocated array? . What is the equivalent pointer expression for referring an element a[i][j][k][l], in a four dimensional array? 6. Declare an array of three function pointers where each function receives two integers and returns float. 7. Explain the variable assignment in the declaration int *(*p[10])(char *, char *); 8. What is the value of sizeof(a) /sizeof(char *) in a code snippet: char *a[4]={â€Å"sridhar†,†raghava†,†shashi†,†srikanth†}; 9. (i) What are the differences between the C statements below: char *str = â€Å"Hello†; char arr[] = â€Å"Hello†; (ii) Whether following statements get complied or not? Explain each statement. arr++; *(arr + 1) = ‘s'; printf(â€Å"%s†,arr); CHAPTER 5: Programs 1. Write a program to find factorial of the given number. 2. Write a program to check whether the given number is even or odd. 3. Write a program to swap two numbers using a temporary variable. 4. Write a program to swap two numbers without using a temporary variable. Material from Interview Mantra. Subscribe to free updates via email. 5. Write a program to swap two numbers using bitwise operators. 6. Write a program to find the greatest of three numbers. 7. Write a program to find the greatest among ten numbers. . Write a program to check whether the given number is a prime. 9. Write a program to check whether the given number is a palindromic number. 10. Write a program to check whether the given string is a palindrome. 11. Write a program to generate the Fibonacci series. 12. Write a program to print â€Å"Hello World† without using semicolon anywhere in the code. 13. Wr ite a program to print a semicolon without using a semicolon anywhere in the code. 14. Write a program to compare two strings without using strcmp() function. 15. Write a program to concatenate two strings without using strcat() function. 16. Write a program to delete a specified line from a text file. 17. Write a program to replace a specified line in a text file. 18. Write a program to find the number of lines in a text file. 19. Write a C program which asks the user for a number between 1 to 9 and shows the number. If the user inputs a number out of the specified range, the program should show an error and prompt the user for a valid input. 20. Write a program to display the multiplication table of a given number. Testimonials Anushka M says â€Å"Thank you soooo much for all these questions, along with the solutions. It’s a great compilation. Thanks a lot guys. 🙂 † Anonymous says â€Å"Awesome. Thanks a ton for uploading this pdf, your concept was crystal clear. Now I am very confident about myself. Now I'm ready to face the interview challenge. Thanks once again. † Urmi says â€Å"Thank You.. It's Nice.. It saved my valuable Time.. Thanks a lot! † Rajakumari says â€Å"Thank you so †¦ much Mr. Sridhar. No words to say , lot of thanks†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Very useful to freshers & experienced. † Material from Interview Mantra. Subscribe to free updates via email. CHAPTER 1: Variables & Control Flow 1. What is the difference between declaring a variable and defining a variable? Declaration of a variable in C hints the compiler about the type and size of the variable in compile time. Similarly, declaration of a function hints about type and size of function parameters. No space is reserved in memory for any variable in case of declaration. Example: int a; Here variable ‘a' is declared of data type ‘int' Defining a variable means declaring it and also allocating space to hold it. We can say â€Å"Definition = Declaration + Space reservation†. Example: int a = 10; Here variable â€Å"a† is described as an int to the compiler and memory is allocated to hold value 10. 2. What is a static variable? A static variable is a special variable that is stored in the data segment unlike the default automatic variable that is stored in stack. A static variable can be initialized by using keyword static before variable name. Example: static int a = 5; A static variable behaves in a different manner depending upon whether it is a global variable or a local variable. A static global variable is same as an ordinary global variable except that it cannot be accessed by other files in the same program / project even with the use of keyword extern. A static local variable is different from local variable. It is initialized only once no matter how many times that function in which it resides is called. It may be used as a count variable. Example: #include //program in file f1. c void count(void) { static int count1 = 0; int count2 = 0; count1++; count2++; printf(â€Å"Value of count1 is %d, Value of count2 is %d†, count1, count2); } /*Main function*/ int main(){ count(); count(); count(); return 0; } Output: Value of count1 is 1, Value of count2 is 1 Value of count1 is 2, Value of count2 is 1 Material from Interview Mantra. Subscribe to free updates via email. Value of count1 is 3, Value of count2 is 1 3. What is a register variable? Register variables are stored in the CPU registers. Its default value is a garbage value. Scope of a register variable is local to the block in which it is defined. Lifetime is till control remains within the block in which the register variable is defined. Variable stored in a CPU register can always be accessed faster than the one that is stored in memory. Therefore, if a variable is used at many places in a program, it is better to declare its storage class as register Example: register int x=5; Variables for loop counters can be declared as register. Note that register keyword may be ignored by some compilers. . Where is an auto variables stored? Main memory and CPU registers are the two memory locations where auto variables are stored. Auto variables are defined under automatic storage class. They are stored in main memory. Memory is allocated to an automatic variable when the block which contains it is called and it is de-allocated at the completion of its block execution. Auto variables: Storage : main memory. Default value : garbage value. Scope : local to the block in which the variable is defined. Lifetime : till the control remains within the block in which the variable is defined. 5. What is scope & storage allocation of extern and global variables? Extern variables: belong to the External storage class and are stored in the main memory. extern is used when we have to refer a function or variable that is implemented in other file in the same project. The scope of the extern variables is Global. Example: /*************** Index: f1. c ****************/ #include extern int x; int main() { printf(â€Å"value of x %d†, x); return 0; } Index: f2. c ****************/ int x = 3; Here, the program written in file f1. c has the main function and reference to variable x. The file f2. c has the declaration of variable x. The compiler should know the datatype of x and this is done by extern definition. Material from Interview Mantra. Subscribe to free updates via email. Global variables: are variables which are declared above the main( ) function. These variables are accessible throughout the program. They can be accessed by all the functions in the program. Their default value is zero. Example: #include int x = 0; /* Variable x is a global variable. It can be accessed throughout the program */ void increment(void) { x = x + 1; printf(† value of x: %d†, x); } int main(){ printf(† value of x: %d†, x); increment(); return 0; } 6. What is scope & storage allocation of register, static and local variables? Register variables: belong to the register storage class and are stored in the CPU registers. The scope of the register variables is local to the block in which the variables are defined. The variables which are used for more number of times in a program are declared as register variables for faster access. Example: loop counter variables. register int y=6; Static variables: Memory is allocated at the beginning of the program execution and it is reallocated only after the program terminates. The scope of the static variables is local to the block in which the variables are defined. Example: #include void decrement(){ static int a=5; a–; printf(â€Å"Value of a:%d†, a); } int main(){ decrement(); return 0; } Here ‘a' is initialized only once. Every time this function is called, ‘a' does not get initialized. so output would be 4 3 2 etc. , Local variables: are variables which are declared within any function or a block. They can be accessed only by function or block in which they are declared. Their default value is a garbage value. 7. What are storage memory, default value, scope and life of Automatic and Register storage class? . Automatic storage class: Storage : Default value : main memory. garbage value. Material from Interview Mantra. Subscribe to free updates via email. Scope Lifetime Storage Default value Scope Lifetime : : : : : : local to the block in which the variable is defined. till control remains within the block. CPU registers. ga rbage value. local to the block in which the variable is defined. till control remains within the block. 2. Register storage class: 8. What are storage memory, default value, scope and life of Static and External storage class? 1. Static storage class: Storage Default value Scope Lifetime Storage Default value Scope Lifetime : : : : : : : : main memory. zero local to the block in which the variable is defined. till the value of the variable persists between different function calls. main memory zero global as long as the program execution doesn't come to an end. 2. External storage class: 9. What is the difference between ‘break' and ‘continue' statements? Differences between ‘break' and ‘continue' statements break 1. break is a keyword used to terminate the loop or exit from the block. The control jumps to next statement after the loop or block. 2. Syntax: { Statement 1; Statement 2; Statement n; break; } 3. reak can be used with for, while, do- while, and switch statements. When break is used in nested loops i. e. within the inner most loop then only the innermost loop is terminated. 4. Example: i = 1, j = 0; while(i a && b ; c) { printf(â€Å"b is Greater than a and c†); } else if (c ; a && c ; b) { printf(â€Å"c is Greater than a and b†); } else { printf(â€Å"all are equal or any two values are equal†); } return 0; } Output: Enter a,b,c: 3 5 8 c is Greater than a and b Explanation with examples: Consider three numbers a=5,b=4,c=8 if(a;b && a;c) then a is greater than b and c now check this condition for the three numbers 5,4,8 i. . if(5;4 && 5;8) /* 5>4 is true but 5>8 fails */ so the control shifts to else if condition else if(b;a && b;c) then b is greater than a and c now checking this condition for 5,4,8 i. e. else if(4;5 && 4;8) /* both the conditions fail */ now the control shifts to the next else if condition else if(c;a && c;b) then c is greater than a and b Material from Interview Mantra. Subscribe to free updates via email. now checking this condition for 5,4,8 i. e. else if(8;5 && 8;4) /* both conditions are satisfied */ Thus c is greater than a and b. 7. Write a program to find the greatest among ten numbers. Program: #include int main() { int a[10]; int i; int greatest; printf(â€Å"Enter ten values:†); //Store 10 numbers in an array for (i = 0; i ; 10; i++) { scanf(â€Å"%d†, [i]); } //Assume that a[0] is greatest greatest = a[0]; for (i = 0; i ; 10; i++) { if (a[i] ; greatest) { greatest = a[i]; } } printf(â€Å"Greatest of ten numbers is %d†, greatest); return 0; } Output: Enter ten values: 2 53 65 3 88 8 14 5 77 64 Greatest of ten numbers is 88 Explanation with example: Entered values are 2, 53, 65, 3, 88, 8, 14, 5, 77, 64 They are stored in an array of size 10. et a[] be an array holding these values. /* how the greatest among ten numbers is found */ Let us consider a variable ‘greatest'. At the beginning of the loop, variable ‘greatest' is assinged with the value of first element in the array greatest=a[0]. Here variable ‘greatest' is assigned 2 as a[0]=2. Below loop is executed until end of the array ‘a[]';. for(i=0; igreatest) { greatest= a[i]; } } For each value of ‘i', value of a[i] is compared with value of variable ‘greatest'. If any value greater than the value of ‘greatest' is encountered, it would be replaced by a[i]. After completion of ‘for' loop, the value of variable ‘greatest' holds the greatest number in the array. In this case 88 is the greatest of all the numbers. Material from Interview Mantra. Subscribe to free updates via email. 8. Write a program to check whether the given number is a prime. A prime number is a natural number that has only one and itself as factors. Examples: 2, 3, 13 are prime numbers. Program: #include main() { int n, i, c = 0; printf(â€Å"Enter any number n: â€Å"); scanf(â€Å"%d†, ); /*logic*/ for (i = 1; i

Essay on American Dream

Essay on American Dream The American dream is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position The American Dream: Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness What exactly is this â€Å"American Dream† that seems to stand the test of time? It sounds like a myth, a cheap ploy to trick foreigners into flocking to America in search of â€Å"Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness.† But many today say it still exists, that it’s a real thing as tangible as the $100 bill – because it is. SAMPLE ESSAY ABOUT HAPPINESS Writer James Truslow Adam, in his book The Epic of America, written in 1931, said: The American Dream is one â€Å"of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position†.   Adam’s description of the American Dream provides insights as to why so many foreigners have immigrated to the United States since the beginning of the country’s history, from the time of English, Spanish, and French colonization to the America of today in the 21st century. They came searching for a better life, and many found it – but not without hard work, the execution of good ideas, and luck. Take a look at people like actor-comedian Jim Carrey, a Canadian by birth. He grew up in a poor, struggling family. For a time the family was homeless, forcing Carrey to drop out of high school at a young age to help support the family. Years later when as an adult he began making a name for himself on the comedy circuit, Carrey then moved to the United States where we would go on standup comedy tours, finally becoming a multi-millionaire through starring in blockbuster films like Liar Liar and Bruce Almighty. It is well documented that Carrey – an adamant believer in the Law of Attraction – would ride his car along the Hollywood Hills imagining he lived there, that he was to be among the rich and famous celebrities. At one time he even wrote a check to himself, when he was a young struggling actor, for $10 million. And sure enough, in 1994, at the age of 32, he was paid $10 million for his work on the hit film Dumb Dumber. Does Carrey exemplify the American Dream? Absolutely! He was a foreigner who came from nothing, then sought a better life for himself in America – and he found it, but not without a lot of discipline, talent, diligence, a hope that borders on stupidity, luck, and a positive, focused mentality. He epitomizes the American Dream. The American Dream goes back, way back to the Declaration of Independence that held certain â€Å"truths to be self-evident: that all Men are created equal †¦ endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights such as Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness. ESSAY ON YOLO OR CARPE DIEM The mere foundation of this great – though often troubled – country is built upon the quest for a better life. Of course, people can find wealth and happiness in other countries, but many people all around the world associate America with opportunity, freedom, and success. Unfortunately, the American Dream can also be seen as one pursuing material prosperity: big, fancy cars, gigantic mansions, and designer clothes, while others see it as not so much on the financial increase, but a good, healthy fulfilling life. When pursuing the American Dream, whatever that means, people need to first be honest with themselves about what they think the â€Å"American Dream† means to them. That’s the beauty of living in America: people can find a better life in whatever ways they imagine it to be.